renal

Question 1

horseshoe kidney associated with

Answer 1

Turner’s syndrome

Question 2

horseshoe kidneys get fixed low by

Answer 2

inferior mesenteric atrery

Question 3

normal GFR

Answer 3

100 ml/min

Question 4

nephrotic syndrome results in

Answer 4

albuminuria, hypoproteinemia, generalized edema, hyperlipidemia

Question 5

normal filtration fraction

Answer 5

20%

Question 6

location of juxtaglomular cells

Answer 6

efferent aterioles

Question 7

effect of NSAIDS on aterioles

Answer 7

contrict (Prostoglandins dilate) afferent arteriole, increases RPF, GPR and FF stayes consistent (nsAid - Afferent)

Question 8

Filtration fraction calulation

Answer 8

GFR/RPF

Question 9

GFR estimated with

Answer 9

creatine clearance

Question 10

RPF estimated with

Answer 10

PAH clearance

Question 11

ACE inhibitors effect on arterioles

Answer 11

contstrict (Angiotensin II dilates) efferent arteriole, so RPF down, GFR up, so FF increases acE - Efferent)

Question 12

plasma glucose level above which glocsuria begins

Answer 12

160mg/dL

Question 13

plasma glucose level that saturates all glucose transporters

Answer 13

350 mg/dL

Question 14

hartnup’s disease

Answer 14

deficnecy of neutral amino acid transporter (tryptophan), results in pellagra

Question 15

reabsorbs all glucose and amino acids and most bicarb, Na, Cl, phophate and water

Answer 15

early PCT

Question 16

PTH effect on early PCT

Answer 16

excretion of phosphate

Question 17

Angiotension II effect on early PCT

Answer 17

increased Na, water, and bicarb absorption

Question 18

part of nephron impermeable to sodium

Answer 18

thin decending loop

Question 19

actively absorbes Na, K, Cl-

Answer 19

thick ascending loop

Question 20

actively reabsorbs Na, Cla dnmakes urine hypotonic

Answer 20

early DCT

Question 21

part if nephron impermeable to water

Answer 21

thick ascending loop

Question 22

PTH effect on DCT

Answer 22

Ca reabsorption

Question 23

aldosterone effect on kidney

Answer 23

insertion of Na channel on luminal side of collecting duct and reasorbs Na

Question 24

ADH effect on kidney

Answer 24

inserts aquaporin channels on luminal side to reasorb Na and water

Question 25

carbonic anhydrase inhibotors work at

Answer 25

PCT

Question 26

thiazide diuretics work at

Answer 26

DCT

Question 27

loop diuraetcs work at

Answer 27

thick ascending loop

Question 28

K sparing (amiloride/traimterene) diuretics work at

Answer 28

collecting tibule

Question 29

histology of JxG apparatus

Answer 29

modifed smooth muscle cells of afferent artierole

Question 30

ANS receptor at JXG

Answer 30

B1

Question 31

MOA of B blockers on BP at kidney

Answer 31

inhibit B1 recpetors at JGA, causing lower renin release

Question 32

release Epo

Answer 32

intersistial cells in the peritubular cappilary bed in response to hypoxia

Question 33

convert 25-OH vit D to active form

Answer 33

PCT cells

Question 34

can cause hyperkalemia

Answer 34

``` digitalis,hyperOsmality insulin deficency lysis of cells acidosis Beta antagonist ```

Question 35

can cause hypokalemia

Answer 35

hypo-osmolality high insulin (insulin shifts potassium INTO cells, out of serum) alkalosis Beta agonist

Question 36

low pH, low Pco2, low bicarb signs of

Answer 36

metabolic acidocis

Question 37

high pH, high PCO2, high bicarb signs of

Answer 37

metabolic alkalosis

Question 38

low pH, high PCO2, high bicarb sighs of

Answer 38

respiratory acidosis

Question 39

high pH, low PCO2, low bicarb signs of

Answer 39

respiratory alkalosis

Question 40

compensatory response to met acid

Answer 40

hyperventalation

Question 41

compensatory response to met alk

Answer 41

hypoventalation

Question 42

compensatory response to resp acid

Answer 42

increase of renal reabsorption of bicarb (delayed)

Question 43

compensatory response to resp alk

Answer 43

decrease of renal reabsorption of bicarb (delayed)

Question 44

can cause metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap

Answer 44

``` methanol uremua diabetic ketoacidosis propalyne glycol iron tabs INH Lactic acidosis ethylene glycol salicytes ```

Question 45

can cause resp acidosis

Answer 45

``` airway obstruction Acute lung disease chronic lung dx opiods weakening of resp muscles ```

Question 46

can casue metabolc acidosis with NORMAL anion gap

Answer 46

``` hyperalimentation addisons renal tubula acidosis diarrhea acetaxolamids spirolactone saline infusion ```

Question 47

can casue resp alk

Answer 47

hyperventalation (early high alt exposure) | early salicyte poisoning

Question 48

can cause metabolic alk with compensation (hypoventalation)

Answer 48

loop diuretics vomiting antacid sue hyperaldosterism