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Step 1- System embryology, A and P > basic embryology > Flashcards

basic embryology Flashcards

1
Q

function of sonic hedgehog gene

A

patterning along anterior/posterior axis. incoved in CNS development

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2
Q

function of wnt-7 gene

A

proper orginization along dorsal-ventral axis

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3
Q

funtion of FGF gene

A

stimulates underling mesoderm - lengthens limbs

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4
Q

function of Hox genes

A

segmental orginization of embryo in crainocaudal direction - mutations result in appendages in the wrong locations

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5
Q

time of first HCG secretion

A

week one

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6
Q

bilaminar disk formation time

A

week 2

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7
Q

time neural tube forms and closes

A

3-8 weeks

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8
Q

when heart begins to beat

A

4 weeks

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9
Q

when limb buds start to form

A

4 weeks

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10
Q

when genatalia start to take on charecteristcs

A

10 weeks

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11
Q

orininates from surface ectoderm

A

adenohyophosis, lens of eye, epithelial linings of oral cavity, sensory organs of ear, epidermis, parotid, sweat and mammary glands

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12
Q

originates from neuroectoderm

A

brain, retina, optic nerve, spinal cord

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13
Q

orginates from neural crest

A

PNS, melanocytes, chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla, C cells of thyroid, bones of skull, teeth, aorticopulmonary septum

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14
Q

originates from mesoderm

A

muscle, bone, connective tissue, serous linings of body cavities, spleen, CV structures, lymphatics, blood, wall of gut tube, kidneys, wall of bladder, vagina, dermis, testes, ovaries

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15
Q

originates from endoderm

A

gut tube epithelium, lungs, liver, galbladder, pancreas, thymus, PTH, thyroid follicular cells

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16
Q

Birth defect caused by ACEi

A

renal damage

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17
Q

Birth defect caused by alkylating agents

A

abcense of digits,

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18
Q

Birth defect caused by aminoglycosides

A

CN VIII tox

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19
Q

Birth defect caused by carbamaxepine

A

neuro tube defects, craniofacial defects, development delay

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20
Q

Birth defect caused by DES

A

vaginal cleat cell cancer, congenital mullerian anamolaies

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21
Q

Birth defect caused by folate antagonists

A

neural tube defects

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22
Q

Birth defect caused by lithium

A

ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized RV)

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23
Q

Birth defect caused by phenytoin

A

microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails, and distal phalenges, cardiac defects

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24
Q

Birth defect caused by tetracyclines

A

discolored teeeth

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25
Q

Birth defect caused by thalimodies

A

limb defects

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26
Q

Birth defect caused by valproate

A

neural tube defect (mom does not absorb folate)

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27
Q

Birth defect caused by warafin

A

bone deformaties, fetal hemorrgahe, abortion, eye defects (use heparin instead)

28
Q

Birth defect caused by lack of iodine

A

congential goiter or hypothyroidism

29
Q

Birth defect caused by maternal diabetes

A

caudal regression syndrome, congentital heart defects, neural tube defects, neonatal hypoglycemia

30
Q

Birth defect caused by excess vitamin A

A

very high risk for abortion and birth defects

31
Q

Birth defect caused by maternal smoking

A

ADHD, placental problems

32
Q

Birth defect caused by cocaine

A

placental abruption

33
Q

most monozygotic twins share this

A

placenta (but not cord) or amniotic sacs)

34
Q

most dizygotic twins share

A

nothing

35
Q

cytotrophoblast

A

inner layer of chorinic villi (makes the baby)

36
Q

suncytiotrophoblast

A

outer layer of choronic villi, secretes HGC

37
Q

how many umblical arteries are there?

A

2 (RETURN FLOW)

38
Q

how many umbilical veins are there

A

1 (FLOW TO BABY)

39
Q

failure of obiliteration of urachus

A

urine discharge from umbillicus, outpouching of bladder

40
Q

failure of vitelline duct to close

A

meconium discharge from umbilicus, merckel’s divericulum

41
Q

derives from 1st aortic arch

A

maxillary artery

42
Q

derives from from 2nd aortic arch

A

stepdial artery and hyiod artery

43
Q

derives from 3rd aortic arch

A

common carotid artery and proximial internal carotid

44
Q

derives from from 4th aortic arch

A

left - aortic arch, right - proximal part of righ subclavian

45
Q

derives from 6th aortic arch

A

proximal part of pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus

46
Q

derives from from 1st brachial cleft

A

external ear

47
Q

derives from 1st brachial arch

A

MMMMMM mandible, malleus, incus, muscles of mastication, mylohyoid CN V2/3

48
Q

treacher collins syndrome

A

mandibular hypoplasia and fascial abnormalitues (think that dude from ALLTEL)

49
Q

derives from 2nd bracial arch

A

SSSS!! stapes, styloid, Smile (CNVII)

50
Q

derives from from 3rd brachial arch

A

stylopharengeus, CN IX (glossapharyngeal)

51
Q

derives from 406 brachial arch

A

thyroid, cricoid and rest of throatcartliges, muscles of larynx, CN X (superior laryngeal arch)

52
Q

derives from 1st brancial puch

A

middle ear

53
Q

derives from 2nd brachial pouch

A

lining of adneoid

54
Q

derives from 3rd brachial pouch

A

inferoir PTH/thymus

55
Q

derives from 4th brachial pouch

A

superior PTH

56
Q

diGeorge syndrome

A

lack of thymus and PTH from aberrent development of 3rd and 4th pouch

57
Q

mutation behind MEN2

A

germline RET

58
Q

tumors in MEN2

A

pheo, PTH, parafolicular cells (medullary thyroid)

59
Q

degenerates in female genital development

A

mesonepheric (wolfiian) duct

60
Q

gene on Y chromosome that makes males

A

SRY

61
Q

supresses paramesonephric (mulllerian) development

A

MIF (from sertolic cells

62
Q

wolfian duct develops into

A

male internal structures (except prostate)

63
Q

results from incomplete fusion of mullerian duct

A

bicornate uterus

64
Q

results of lack of sertoli cells or mullian inhibitory factor

A

development of both male and female internal genetalia and male external genatalia

65
Q

effect of 5a-reductase

A

male internal genetalia, ambigous external genetalis until puberty

66
Q

failure of male genital fold to close

A

hypospadia

67
Q

faulty positioning of gental tuberacle

A

epispadia

Step 1- System embryology, A and P (10 decks)

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