endocrine

Question 1

most common site of ectopic thyroid tissue

Answer 1

tounge

Question 2

anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing

Answer 2

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 3

secrets aldosterone

Answer 3

zone glomerulosa (outer adrenal cortex)

Question 4

secrets cortisol and sex hormones

Answer 4

zona fasisculata (middle adrenal cortex)

Question 5

secretes androgens

Answer 5

zona reticulalaris (inner adrenal cortex)

Question 6

secretes catccholamines

Answer 6

adernal medulla

Question 7

drains into IVC via renal vein

Answer 7

left adrenal gland

Question 8

posterior pituitary secretes

Answer 8

ADH and oxytocin

Question 9

anterior pituitary secretes

Answer 9

FSH, LH,ACTH, TSH,prolactin, GH, melanotropin

Question 10

alpha pancreas cells release

Answer 10

glucagon

Question 11

delta pancreas cells release

Answer 11

somatpstain

Question 12

expresses GLUT-1

Answer 12

RBC’s, Brain

Question 13

insulan dependant GLUT receptors

Answer 13

4 (on adipose and skeletal muscle)

Question 14

anabolic functions of insulin

Answer 14

glucose transport into skeletal muscle and adipose

glycogen and TG synth/storage

Na retention
Protein synth
cellular uptake of K+ and amino acids
glucagon release

Question 15

always dependant for glucose

Answer 15

RBCs (lack mitochondira for anerobic metabolism)

Question 16

catabolic effects of glucogon

Answer 16

glycogennolysis, gluconeogenisis, lipilysis and ketone production

Question 17

downregulates prolactin

Answer 17

dopamine

Question 18

downregulates GH and TSH

Answer 18

somatostatin

Question 19

downregulates GnRH

Answer 19

prolactin

Question 20

17a-hydroxylase deficiency presents

Answer 20

high mineralcorticoids, low cortisol, low sex hormones

hypertension, hypokalemia

Question 21

XY with low DHT

Answer 21

pseudohermaphroditism

Question 22

XX with 17a-hydroxylase deficiency

Answer 22

external phenotypical female with normal internal sex organs, lacking secondary sex charecteristics

Question 23

21 hydroxalase deficiency (most common) presents as

Answer 23

low mineralcorticoids, low cortisol, high sex hormones

hypotension, hyperkalemia, hi renin and volume depletion

masculization, eading to pseudoherm in females

Question 24

11B - hydroxylase def presents as

Answer 24

low aldosterone, low cortisol, high sex hormones.

hypertension and msculizization

Question 25

cortisol effects

Answer 25

maintains BP
lowers bone formation
anti inflammatory
immunosuppressive
raises insulin resistance
increases gluconeoenisis, liposyisis, 
inhibits fibroblasts (striae)

Question 26

function of PTH

Answer 26

increases serum calcim

decreses phosphate reabsorption in DCT

Question 27

secretes calcitonin

Answer 27

parafolicular (C cells) of thyroid

Question 28

function of calcitonin

Answer 28

opposes PTH, lowers serum Ca++