Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 1- System embryology, A and P > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

gastrochisis

A

extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal fold - NOT COVERED BY PERITONEUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

omphalocele

A

percistence of hernation into umbilical cord - covered by peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most common traceoesophageal anomaly

A

esophageal etresia with distal trachalesophageal fistula (EA with TEF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EA with TEF sx

A

droolingm chocking and vomiting with firstfeedinh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

olive in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2 weeks of age

A

congenitil pylor stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

falicform ligament connects

A

liver to anterior abdominal wall (old umbilical vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

contained in hepatoduodenal ligament

A

hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pringle manuver

A

compressing hepatodual ligament between finger and thumb to in omantal foramen to control bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

inside to outside gut wall

A

mucosa to submucosa to muscularis to serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

meissniers plexus in what layer

A

submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

myentric/auerbach’s plexis in

A

muscularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

submucosal plexus controls

A

secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

crypts if leiberkuhn are in

A

jejunum, ilieum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

most SI goblet cells

A

ilieum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

blood /nerve supply to foregut

A

celiac /vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

blood /nerve supply to midgut

A

SMA/vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

blood /nerve supply to hindgut

A

IMA/pevlic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

celiac branches off aorta at what level

A

t12/L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SMA branches off aorta at what level

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

IMA branches off aorta at what level

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

foregut structures

A

stomach, prox duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

midgut structures

A

distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hindgut structures

A

distal 1/2 transverse colon to upper rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

branches of celiac trunk

A

common hepatic, splenic, left gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

main blood supply of stomach

A

celiac trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

strong anamoses in celiac trunk are between

A

left and gastroepiploics and left to righ gastrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

main arterial anamostes in Abominal aorta

A 
superior pigastric (interior thoracic) to infierior epigastric (SMA)
superior pancraticoduodenanl (celiac trunk) to inferior pancreatcduodenal (SMA)
middle colic (SMA) to left colic (IMA)
superior rectal (IMA) to middle and inferior rectal (internal iliac)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

surgical tx for portal hypertension

A

transjugular intrahepatic portostystemic shunt (TIPS) between portal vein and heptic vein -shunts blood to systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

sites of portal anamostes

A

esophageal, umbilicus, rectum (sites of varaies in portal hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

painful hemmoroid site

A

external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

above pectinate line drains to

A

portal system/deep lymphatic nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

below pecinate line drains to

A

IVC system/superficsial inginal nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

first zone of liver affected by ischemia

A

zone III (pericentral vein/certiclobular) zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

first zone of liver affected by viral hepatitis

A

zone 1 (periportal) zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

apical surface of hepatocytes face

A

bile caniculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

basolateral surface of hepatocytes face

37
Q

can block both bile and pancreatic ducts

A

gallstones that reach the common channel at the ampule of vater

38
Q

tumors arising in head of pancreas can block

A

common bile duct

39
Q

lateral to medial femoral structures

40
Q

femoral triangle contains

41
Q

femoral sheath comtains

42
Q

site of of femoral hernia

A

femoral ring

43
Q

structures in superficsial ingunal ring (in to out_

A 
internal spermatic fascia
cremasteric muscle and fascia
external spermatic fascia
spermatic cord
linea alba
44
Q

most common hernia

45
Q

GE junction displaced into thorax

A

sliding hiatal hernia

46
Q

fundus of stomach displaced into thoraz

A

paraesopgaheal hernia

47
Q

hernia into the scrotum through deep/external inguinal ring and into scrotum

A

indirect inguinal hernia

48
Q

hernia through inginal triangle through external inguinal ring only

A

direct inguinal hernia (common in old men)

49
Q

most common hernia in women

50
Q

leading cause of bowel incarceration

51
Q

hernia medial to inferior epigastric artery

52
Q

hernia lateral to inferior epigastric artery

53
Q

source/action of gastrin

A

G cells in antrum of stomach/increases gastic acid secretion, growth of gastric mucosa and gastric motility

54
Q

source/action of cholecystokinin

A

I cells in duodenum/jejunum/ inreases pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction, delays gastric emptying

55
Q

source/action of secretin

A

S cells in duodenum/ increases pancereatic bicarb/bile secretion. decreases gastric acid secretion

56
Q

source/action of somastatin

A

decreases gastric acid, pepsinogen secretion,decrease pancreatic and SI fluid secretion, gallbladder contraction and insulin and glucagon relaase

57
Q

releases/reduces gastrin

A

stomach distention, alkalization, amino acids, peptides, vagal stimulation/extra low stomach pH

58
Q

releases colecystokinin

A

fatty acids and amino acids in stomach

59
Q

releases secretin

A

acid, fatty acids in lumen of duodemum

60
Q

releases/reduces somatostatin

A

acid/vagal stimulation

61
Q

releases gastric insulinotropic peptide

A

fattyacids, amino acids, oral glucose

62
Q

source/action of gastric insulinotropic peptide

A

PS ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and SI/ releases intestinal water and electrolyte secretion, relaxes smooth muscle and sphincters

63
Q

increased in zollinger-ellison

64
Q

amino acids that stimulate gastrin

A

phenylanaline and tryptophan

65
Q

sx of VIPoma (non-a/non-b islet cell pancreatic tumor)

A

watery diarrha, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria

66
Q

can increase lower esophageal sphincter

A

nitric oxide

67
Q

stimulates intestinal peristalis

A

motillin (can use erythromycin)

68
Q

saliva becomes more _____ with higher flow

A

isotonic (from hypotonic)

69
Q

parietel cells secrete

A

intrinsic factor and gastric acid

70
Q

chief cells secrete

71
Q

gastrin MOA

A

effects histamine release from ECL cells

72
Q

peptic ulcer disease wil increase

A

brunner gland hypertrophy (secretes alkaline mucus in duodenal submucosa)

73
Q

digests starches

74
Q

digests fats

75
Q

secreted as zymogens by pancreas

A

proteases, trypsinogen

76
Q

pancreatic enzyme that feeds back to increase it’s own release

A

trypsinogen

77
Q

digests carbd

A

amylase, oligosaccharide hydrolases

78
Q

rate limitiing step of carb digestion

A

oligosaccharide hydrolases

79
Q

sugars absorbed by enterocyes

A

monosaccarides (fructose, galactose, glucose)

80
Q

fructose taken up by

81
Q

glucose and galactose taken up by

82
Q

iron absorped in

83
Q

folate absorbed by

84
Q

B12 absorbed by

A

terminal ilieum (requires IF)

85
Q

catylazes rate limiting step of bile production

A

cholesterol 7a hydroxylase

86
Q

functions of bile

A

digestion/absorption of lipids and fat-soluable vitamins
cholesterol excretion
antimicrobial activity

87
Q

excretes bilirubun

A

bile (bile, bile! Billurubin)

88
Q

water soluable bilirubun

89
Q

liver does what to bilirubun

A

makes it direct (conjugates it)

Step 1- System embryology, A and P (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions