respiratory

Question 1

what are features of croup, laryngotracheobronchitis ?

Answer 1

para' flu 1
common
child well
coryza - common cold
stridor, hoarse, barking cough
treat - oral dexamethasone

Question 2

what are features of epiglottitis ?

Answer 2

H. influenza type B
rare
toxic
stridor, drooling
treat intubation and antibiotics

Question 3

what are features of bronchitis ?

Answer 3

very common
loose rattly cough
post-tussive vomit
chest sounds clear

caused by haemophilus/pneumococcus
mostly self limiting

child very well
do not treat

Question 4

what are respiratory red flags ?

Answer 4

age <6 months, >4 years
static weight
disrupts Childs life
associated SOB when not coughing
acute 
co-morbidities

Question 5

what are features of bronchiolitis ?

Answer 5

infants, 30-40%, <12
usually RSV, paraflu 3, HMPV

nasal stuffiness, tachypnoea, poor feeding

crackles and wheeze
observation

Question 6

what are clinical features of LRTI ?

Answer 6

48 hours fever, SOB, cough, grunting
wheeze makes bacterial unlikely
reduced/bronchial breath sounds
infective agents - virus + commensal bacteria

Question 7

how do you treat pneumonia ?

Answer 7

nothing if mild

oral amoxicillin
oral macrolide
only for IV if vomiting

Question 8

what are features of pertussis ?

Answer 8

coughing fits
vomiting
colour change

vaccine reduces risk

Question 9

what are necessary features of asthma ?

Answer 9

wheeze
SOB at rest
cough - nocturnal, dry
parental asthma
responds to treatment

Question 10

how do you measure asthma control ?

Answer 10

SANE

short acting beta agonist/week
absence from school/nursery
nocturnal symptoms
exertional symptoms

Question 11

what is the treatment for asthma ?

Answer 11

1. low dose ICS - review after 2 months
   if SABA >2/week or noctural 3/week/waking up
   LTRA in <5s
2. preventer - LABA/ LTRA or increase ICS dose