paed oncology Flashcards
what are common paediatric malignancies ?
33% leukaemia
25% brain
40% extracranial
what cancers make up Li-Fraumeni syndrome ?
breast
sarcoma
leukaemia
adrenal gland
what should be considered for immediate or urgent referral ?
petechial rash hepatosplenomegaly repeated attendance, same problem new neuro symptoms abdo mass
what are risks of chemotherapy treatment ?
hair loss N+V mucositis diarrhoea/constipation bone marrow suppression - anaemia, bleeding, infection
organ impairment
reduced fertility
second cancer
what are risks of radiotherapy ?
lethargy
skin irritation
swelling
organ inflammation
fibrosis/scarring
second cancer
reduced fertility
what are oncological emergencies ?
sepsis/febrile neutropenia raised ICP spinal cord compression mediastinal mass tumour lysis syndrome
how do you manage raised ICP ?
dexamethasone if tumour
neurosurgery - ventriculostomy, EVD, VP shunt
what are symptoms of spinal cord compression ?
weakness
pain
sensory
sphincter disturbance
how do you manage spinal cord compression ?
urgent MRI
dexamethasone
chemotherapy
what are symptoms of SVC syndrome ?
facial, neck and upper thoracic plethora oedema cyanosis distended veins reduced GCS
what happens during tumour lysis syndrome ?
metabolic derangement
rapid death of tumour cells
release of intracellular contents
secondary to treatment
what are clinical features of tumour lysis syndrome ?
> K
urate
phosphate
how do you treat tumour lysis syndrome ?
ECG
diuresis
allopurinol to
