post-natal problems

Question 1

what are Mongolian blue spots ?

Answer 1

blue-grey pigmentation
lower back + buttocks
accumulation of melanocytes
common in other races
less obvious as skin darkens

Question 2

what are stork marks ?

Answer 2

flat pink lesion
neck or midline of face
fade within 2 years
not pathological

Question 3

what causes jaundice in the first 24 hours ?

Answer 3

haemolytic - G6PD

congenital infection

Question 4

what causes jaundice between the second day and 3rd week ?

Answer 4

physiological
breast milk
sepsis
polycythaemia

Question 5

what causes jaundice after the 3rd week ?

Answer 5

breast milk
hypothyroidism
pyloric stenosis
cholestasis

Question 6

what are symptoms of hypoglycaemia in new borns ?

Answer 6

jitteriness
hypothermia
temperature instability
lethargy
hypotonia
apnoea, irregular breathing
poor suck/feeding
vomiting
weak/ high pitched cry
seizures
asymptomatic

Question 7

when should spinal dimples raise concern and what is the further investigation ?

Answer 7

large, red, swollen
off midline, higher than sacrum
pigmented
tender
accompanied by fluid

USS, MRI

Question 8

what is a cephalohaematoma ?

Answer 8

localised swelling over one or both sides of the head - maximal by day 3-4
soft, translucent
haemorrhage beneath pericranium

no treatment required - resolution 3-4 weeks

Question 9

what are physical features of Down syndrome ?

Answer 9

low set ears
upward slanting palpebral fissues
epicanthic folds
single palmar crease
wide sandal gap
flat facial profile

hypotonic

Question 10

what are long term effects of Down syndrome ?

Answer 10

AVSD
learning disability
increased leukaemia risk
thyroid problems - hypo
early onset dementia