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Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by what?

A

Hyper-responsive airways

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2
Q

COPD includes what two other diseases?

A

Emphysema

Chronic bronchitis

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3
Q

What kind of drug is Montelukast?

A

Leukotriene inhibitor

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4
Q

What are the 3 indications for Montelukast?

A

Asthma
Bronchospasm
Allergic rhinitis

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5
Q

What is teh MOA os Montelukast?

A

Selectively binds to airway cysteinyl leukotriene receptors and blocks their stimulation by their endogenous ligands

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6
Q

What are the 5 common adverse effects of Montelukast?

A 
Headache
Flu-like symptoms
Puritis
Rash
Restlessness
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7
Q

What is the 1 serious adverse effect of Montelukast?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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8
Q

What are the 2 possible hypersensitivity reactions to Montelukast?

A

Erythema nadosum

Angioedema

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9
Q

What provides quick relief for asthmatic patients?

A

Short acting beta-2 agonist

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10
Q

What kind of drug is Albuterol?

A

Beta-2 agonist

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11
Q

What are the 3 indications for Albuterol?

A

Asthma
Bronchospasm
COPD

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Albuterol?

A

Selectively stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors, causing relaxation in airway smooth muscle

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13
Q

What are the 3 common adverse effects of Albuterol?

A

Cough
Dizziness
Headache

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14
Q

What are the 5 severe adverse effects of Albuterol?

A 
Paradoxical bronchospasm
Hypertension
Angina
MI
Arrhythmias
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15
Q

What 4 drugs interact with Albuterol to cause Hypokalemia?

A

Amphotericins
CAIs
Steroids
Macrolides

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16
Q

Albuterol may interact with Amphotericins, CAIs, Steroids, or Macrolides to produce what?

A

Kypokalemia

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17
Q

What 3 drugs interact with Albuterol to prolongate the QT interval?

A

Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Azoles

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18
Q

If Albuterol interacts with Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones, or Azoles, what may occur?

A

QT interval prolongation

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19
Q

What may occur if Albuterol interacts with Sympathomimetic drugs?

A

Additive effect

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20
Q

What kind of drugs are the first choice for patients with any degree of persistent asthma?

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

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21
Q

What type of drug is Fluticasone?

A

Steroidal Anti-inflammatory

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22
Q

What is the MOA of Fluticasone?

A

Acts through the classical steroid pathway, inhibiting arachidonic acid-based eicosanoid production

23
Q

What are the 5 common adverse effects of Fluticasone?

A 
Headache
Cough
Pyrexia
Epistaxis
Nasopharyngitis
24
Q

What are the 5 serious adverse effects of Fluticasone?

A 
Adrenal suppression
Hypercorticism
Pediatric growth suppression
Nasal/oral candidosis
Nasal ulcer or septal perforation
25
Q

What are the 3 ocular severe adverse effects of Fluticasone?

A

Cataracts
Glaucoma
Elevated IOP

26
Q

What type of drug is Salmeterol?

A

Steroid Combo - anti-inflammatory

27
Q

What is the overall effect of Salmeterol?

A

Bronchodilator

28
Q

What is the MOA of Salmeterol?

A

Beta-2 agonist that produces relaxation of airway smooth muscle

29
Q

How is Salmeterol similar to Albuterol

A

It is a chemical analog with a lipophylic side chain to enhance duration of action

30
Q

What are the 6 common adverse effects of Salmeterol?

A 
Headache
Nasal congestion
Rhinitis
Bronchitis
Urticaria
Tachycardia
31
Q

What are the two hypersensitivity reactions to Salmeterol?

A

Anaphylaxis

Angioedema

32
Q

What are the 4 serious adverse reactions to Salmeterol?

A

Bronchospasm - paradoxical
Asthma exacerbation/death
Arrhythmia
HTN

33
Q

What is the indication for the Advair Diskus?

A

Asthma

COPD maintenance

34
Q

What may occur when Advair interacts with Beta-blockers?

A

Antagonistic effect

35
Q

What may occur when Advair interacts with either Cyclosporine or Azoles?

A

Impaired metabolism

36
Q

What may occur when Advair interacts with Macrolides, Amphotericins, CAIs, or Steroids?

A

Hypokalemia

37
Q

What may occur when Advair interacts with Macrolides or Sympathomimetics?

A

QT prolongation

38
Q

What two drugs are combined in the Advair Diskus?

A

Fluticasone and Salmeterol

39
Q

What drug may interact with Advair to produce an antagonistic effect?

A

Beta-blocker

40
Q

What 2 drug types may interact with Advair to produce impaired metabolism?

A

Cyclosporine

Azoles

41
Q

What 4 drug types my interact with Advair to produce hypokalemia?

A

Macrolides
Amphotericins
CAIs
Steroids

42
Q

What 2 drugs may interact with Advair to produce QT prolongation?

A

Macrolides

Sympathomimetics

43
Q

What are the 2 indications for Mometasone?

A

Allergic Rhinitis

Nasal Polyp therapy

44
Q

What type of drug is Mometasone?

A

Corticosteroid nasal spray

45
Q

What is the MOA of Mometasone?

A

Inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines

Produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects

46
Q

What are the 4 common adverse effects of Mometasone?

A

Headache
Viral infection
Epistoxis
Conjunctivitis

47
Q

What are the 2 ocular side effects of Mometasone?

A

Elevated IOP

Glaucoma

48
Q

What are the 3 “notable” adverse effets of Mometasone?

A

Septal perforation
Ulcer
Candidasis

49
Q

What are the 7 contraindications associated with Mometasone?

A 
Nasal septal ulcer
Recurrent epistaxis
TB infection
Ocular HSV
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Vision changes
50
Q

What kind of drug is Acetylcysteine?

51
Q

What are the 2 indications for Acetylcysteine?

A

Mucolytic

Acetaminophen overdose

52
Q

What is the MOA of Acetylcysteine?

A

Breaks disulfide bonds, decreasing mucus viscosity

53
Q

What are the 3 common adverse effect of Acetylcysteine?

A

Tachycardia
Puritis
Flushing

Systemic Pharm (15 decks)

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