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Systemic Pharm > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of oral Diabetes therapies?

A 
Biguanides
Sulfonylureas
Thiazolidinedions/Glitazones
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors
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2
Q

Which diabetic drug stimulates PPAR?

A

Pioglitazone

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of injectable diabetes drugs?

A

GLP-1 agonists

Insulin

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4
Q

What is the first line therapy for DM-II?

A

Metformin

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5
Q

What type of drug is Metformin?

A

Biguanide

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6
Q

Other than DM-II, what my Metformin be Rxed for?

A

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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7
Q

What does Metformin activate to suppresses gluconeogensis?

A

AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)

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8
Q

When AMPK is suppressed, what 3 things happen?

A

Suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis
Suppression of intestinal glucose absorption
Increase in insulin sensitivity

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9
Q

What are the 3 common effects of Metformin?

A

Headache
Metallic taste
Rash

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10
Q

What are the 2 serious adverse effects of Metformin?

A

Lactic acidosis

Megaloblastic anemia

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11
Q

What happens when fish oils or decongestants interact with Metformin?

A

Increase in blood sugar

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12
Q

Metformin may interact with what 2 things to cause an increase in blood sugar?

A

Fish oils

Decongestants

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13
Q

Metformin may interact with what to decrease blood sugar?

A

Flaxseed

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14
Q

When Metformin interacts with flaxseed, what happens?

A

Decreased blood sugar

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15
Q

When ___ interacts with Metformin, hypoglycemia gets masked.

A

Beta Blockers

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16
Q

What may occur when Metformin interacts with Beta-blockers?

A

Masks hypoglycemia

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17
Q

What may occur when Metformin interacts with Aminoglycosides, Amphotericin, Ganciclovir, or Acyclovir?

A

Nephrotoxicity-induced lactic acidosis

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18
Q

Metformin may interact with what 4 drugs/types to cause nephrotoxicity-induced lactic acidosis?

A

Aminoglycosides (micins)
Amphotericin
Ganciclovir
Aciclovir

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19
Q

What may occur when Metformin interacts with Cyclosporin?

A

Decreased metabolism

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20
Q

The interaction of Metformin with what drug class may cause a decrease in metabolism?

A

Cyclosporine

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21
Q

What does a hepatic activation of Beta-2 cause?

A

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

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22
Q

What does a pancreatic activation of Beta-2 cause?

A

Increased insulin release

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23
Q

What does a pancreatic activation of alpha-2 cause?

A

Decreased insulin release

24
Q

Which Diabetes drug is a Sulfanylurea?

A

Glipizide

25
Q

What is the MOA of Glipizide?

A

Stimulates pancreatic islet beta cells

Binds ATP-dependent K+channel blocker, causing depolarization, Ca++ release and vesicle effusion

26
Q

What does stimulation of pancreatic islet beta cells cause?

A

Insulin release

27
Q

What are the 3 common side effects of Glipizide?

A

Headache
Hypoglycemia
Photosensitivity

28
Q

What is the 1 serious adverse effect of Glipizide?

A

Death

29
Q

Which is the diabetes drug that may cause death?

A

Glipizide

30
Q

What may occur when Glipizide interacts with steroids or decongestants?

A

Antagonistic

31
Q

Glipizide my interact with which two drug types to cause an antagonistic effect?

A

Decongestants

Steroids

32
Q

What may occur if glipizide interacts with Flax Seed Oil?

A

Additive effect

33
Q

Glipizide may interact with which substance to cause an additive effect?

A

Flax Seed Oil

34
Q

What may happen when Glipizide interacts with Fluoroquinolones?

A

Unpredictable effect

35
Q

Glipizide may interact with which drug class to cause an unpredictable effect?

A

Fluoroquinolones

36
Q

What may occur if NSIADs and Glipizide interact?

A

Prolonged effect

37
Q

Which diabetes drug is a Thiazolidinedione?

A

Pioglitazone

38
Q

Which diabetes drug may cause bladder cancer?

A

Pioglitazone

39
Q

What is the MOA of Pioglitazone?

A

Insulin sensitizer

Stimulates PPAR, increasing insulin sensitivity in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose

40
Q

What are the 6 common side effects of Pioglitazone?

A 
Fluid retention
Weight gain
Headache
Sinusitis
Pharyngitis
Dyspnea
41
Q

What is the 1 ocular side effect of Pioglitazon?

A

Diabetic Macular Edema

42
Q

Pioglitazone may interact with which 3 drugs to give an antagonistic effect?

A

Decongestants
Corticosteroids
Sympathomimetics

43
Q

Azoles and Trimethoprim may interact with Pioglitazone to cause what?

A

Impaired metabolism

44
Q

Which Diabetes drug is a DPP-4 inhibitor?

A

Sitagliptin

45
Q

What does inhibition of DPP-4 cause?

A

Slowing of incretin breakdown
Increasing insulin synthesis/release
Decreasing glucagon

46
Q

What is the 1 common adverse effect of Sitagliptin?

A

Headache

47
Q

What are the 2 serious adverse effects of Sitagliptin?

A

Renal failure

SJS

48
Q

Which type of diabetes drug is Canagliflozin?

A

SGLT-2 Inhibitor

49
Q

What does inhibition of SGLT-2 cause?

A

Reduced glucose reabsorption

Increased urinary glucose secretion

50
Q

What are the 3 common side effects of Canagliflozin?

A

Increased urination
Thirst
Dehydration

51
Q

What are the 3 serious adverse effects of Canagliflozin?

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Fractures
Bone density loss

52
Q

Which diabetes drug may cause bone density loss or fractures?

A

Canagliflozin

53
Q

Which 6 drug types may cause additive renal toxicity upon interaction with Canagliflozin?

A 
CAIs
Acyclovir
Amphotericin
Bacitracin
Cyclosporine
NSAIDs
54
Q

What may occur if Ophthalmic Beta-blockers interact with Canagliflozin?

A

Additive risk of hypotension

55
Q

What may occur if Canagliflozin interacts with Fluoroquinolones?

A

Additive hypoglycemia

Systemic Pharm (15 decks)

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