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Systemic Pharm > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of lipid lowering therapeutics?

A

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitors
Fibrates
Niacin
Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors

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2
Q

What are the normal and borderline numbers for total cholesterol?

A

Normal:

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3
Q

What are the normal and borderline numbers for LDL cholesterol?

A

Normal:

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4
Q

What are the normal and borderline numbers for HDL cholesterol?

A

Normal: > 60
Borderline: 35-60

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5
Q

What class of lipid lowering drug is Atrovastatin?

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

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6
Q

What are the 2 indications for Atrovastatin?

A

Dyslipidemia

CVD prevention

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7
Q

What is the MOA of Atrovastatin?

A

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

Increases hepatic LDL receptors, enhancing catabolism

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8
Q

What is HMG-CoA reductase responsible for?

A

An early, rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

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9
Q

What are the 5 common adverse effects of Atrovastatin?

A 
Nasopharyngitis
Myalgia
Skeletal myopathy
Impaired hepatic function associated with elevated serum transaminase levels
Jaundice
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10
Q

What are the 7 potential ocular side effects of Atrovastatin?

A 
Diplopia
Elevated IOP
Ptosis
Pseudo-CME
Intraocular hemorrhage
Cataracts
Blurred vision
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11
Q

What is the 1 contraindicated drug for Atrovastatin?

A

Azoles

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12
Q

Which drugs interact with Atrovastatin to cause myopathy exacerbation?

A

Cyclospoirne
Erythromycin
Azoles

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13
Q

What class of lipid lowering drug is Fenofibrate?

A

Fibrate

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14
Q

What are the 3 indications for Fenofibrate?

A

Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Combo with statins, or for statin intolerant patients

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Fenofibrate?

A

Stimulates nuclear receptor PPAR, which modulates transcription of insulin sensitive genes in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue
Enhances HDL production, inhibits triglyceride synthesis

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16
Q

What are the 3 common side effects of Fenofibrate?

A

Headache
Rhinits
Flu syndrome

17
Q

What are the 7 serious side effects of Fenofibrate?

A

Hypersensitivity: SJS, TEN
Hepatic: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis
CV: Thromboembolism
Muscular: Myositis, myopathy, rhabdo

18
Q

Which drugs interact with Fenofibrate to impair renal elimination?

A

Acyclovir
Aminoglycosides
Cyclosporin
Ganciclovir

19
Q

Which drug interacts with Fenofibrate to cause impaired metabolism?

A

Sulfonylureas

20
Q

What are the 3 indications for Niacin?

A

Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Mixed dyslipidemia

21
Q

What is the MOA of Niacin in dislypidemia?

A

Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis and production of LDLs in the plasma

22
Q

Niacin is the most effective agent for increasing what?

A

HDL

23
Q

What are the 9 common adverse effects of Niacin?

A 
Headache
Pseudo CME
Flushing
Pruritus
Hyperpigmentation
Jaundice
Xeroderma
Toxic amblyopia
Orthostatic hypotension
24
Q

What are the 2 serious adverse effects of Niacin?

A

Hepatotoxicity

Arrhythmias

25
Q

What does niacin induce that causes flushing and/or Mueller cell toxicity?

A

Prostaglandin D2 production

26
Q

What drugs interact with Niacin to cause an additive effect?

A

Alpha and Beta blockers

27
Q

Cautions need to be taken when Rxing Niacin with what two conditions?

A

Diabetes - elevates sugar

Surgery - anti-platelet effects

28
Q

What class of dyslipidemia drug is Ezetimibe?

A

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

29
Q

What is the MOA of ezetimibe?

A

Inhibits dietary and biliary cholesterol absorption as the small intestine brush border

30
Q

What are the 3 common adverse effects to Ezetimbe?

A

Sinusitis
Flu
Diarrhea

31
Q

What are the 4 serious adverse effects of Ezetimibe?

A

Angioedema, anaphylaxis
Hepatitis
Thrombocytopenia

32
Q

What drug may interact with Ezetimibe to elevate the levels of both drugs?

A

Cyclosporine

33
Q

What is the one caution with Ezetimibe?

A

Hepatic impairment

Systemic Pharm (15 decks)

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