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Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Dry, non productive cough, type 1 respiratory failure, mild renal impairment, hypoatraemia

A

Atypical pneumonia (legionella)

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2
Q

fine inspiratory crepitations, type 1 respiratory failure, restrictive spirometry and finger clubbing

A

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

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3
Q

Acute severe bilateral pulmonary oedema due to acute capillary leak in response to trauma or illness, persistent hypoxia despite given oxygen

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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4
Q

Respiratory alkalosis with no metabolic compensation

A

Acute Panic Attack

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5
Q

Young Afro Caribbean woman, pulmonary fibrosis in upper lobes, restrictive lung pattern, raised serum ACE, hypercalemia, bilateral hillier lymphadenopathy

A

Sarcoidosis

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6
Q

Sudden causes of reduction in lung function

A

asthma, pneumothorax, PE, pulmonary haemorrhage, removal or lung collapse

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7
Q

High KCO

A

Pulmonary Haemorrhage (acute) and Pneumonectomy (later)

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8
Q

Cavitating tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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9
Q

BREAST CA

A

Bleomycin Radiation Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Ankylosing spondylitis Sarcoidosis TB Cryptogenic Fibrosing alveolitis Asbestosis

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10
Q

Progressive massive fibrosis

A

Associated with emphysema, upper lobes are affected first, opacities > 10mm in diameter

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11
Q

Causes of transudate effusion

A

organ failure- heart, kidney, lung

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12
Q

Causes of exudate effusion

A

Maligancy, infection, pulmonary infarct, TB

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13
Q

What to do with tension pneumothorax, spontaneous+collapse, emergency, trauma

A

Emergency: immediate needle thoracocentesis
Spontaneous + lung collapse: needle aspiration
Trauma: 5th intercostal space, mid axillary line

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14
Q

deletion of chromosome 22q11, hypocalaemia, recurrent viral, bacterial and frequent fungal infections, absent or decreased T cells, normal/raised B cells. Developmental defect…

A

Di George Syndrome

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15
Q

Mutation of IL-2 receptor, very low or absent T cells, persistent diarrhoea, failure to thrive, graft host skin disease

A

SCID

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16
Q

Failure to produce mature B cells, selective IgA deficiency

A

Bruton’s hypogammaglobulinaemia

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17
Q

Low IgG, IgA and IgE, recurrent bacterial infections, autoimmune disease, granulomatous

A

CVID

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18
Q

Bronchiolitis in children

A

Respiratory Synctial Virus RSV

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19
Q

Rare autoimmune disease, muscle weakness, paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Eaton Lambert Syndrome

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20
Q

Failure to produce neutrophils

A

Reticular dysgenesis

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21
Q

autosomal recessive disorder with severe chronic neutropenia, recurrent bacterial infections after first 2 weeks of birth, failure to thrive, irritability, oral ulceration

A

Kostmann syndrome

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22
Q

Failure of neutrophil adhesion and migration

A

genetic defect in CD18 or defect in CD18

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23
Q

Failure of oxidative killing mechanism, deficient of p47 in NADPH oxidase, excessive inflammation and granuloma formation, NBT testing

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

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24
Q

Gel and Coombs IDID

A

Immediate hypersensitivity
Direct Cell Killing
Immune complex mediated
Delayed type hypersensitivity

25
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity, muscle weakness

A

Guillan Barre Syndrome

26
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity, overactive Thyroid and Bulging eyes

A

Grave’s disease

27
Q

Immune complexes deposited in walks of alveoli and bronchioles, examination often normal but may have dry cough, pyrexia, wheeze and malaise

A

acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

28
Q

antibodies form against a person’s own protein

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

29
Q

Drug addict in type 1 respiratory distress, treatment and why?

A

Treat with IV antibiotics to prevent HIV

30
Q

Pulmonary oedema with no cardiomegaly

A

acute left ventricular heart failure

31
Q

level of right hilar

A

6th rib

32
Q

Causes of numerous calcified nodules

A

TB, Histaplomosis, chronic renal failure, Varicella pneumonitis

33
Q

double shadow heart border, prominent left atrial apendage, left main bronchus elevation

A

Advanced mitral stenosis

34
Q

Ring shadows and tram lines on CXR

A

Bronchiectasis

35
Q

Ground glass appearance on CXR

A

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and ARDS

36
Q

A patient in type 2 respiratory failure who has responded poorly to medication should be given what next?

A

NIPPV so long as he is conscious and cooperative, next proceed to intubation

37
Q

A mucus secreting cell found in respiratory epithelium

A

Goblet cell

38
Q

A non ciliated cell found in terminal bronchioles. Acts as an immune modulator and stem cell and is able to produce surfactant

A

Clara cell

39
Q

A polygonal cell that is able to release surfactant from lamellar bodies within cytoplasm

A

Type 2 pneumocyte

40
Q

Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oropharynx

41
Q

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

A

Nasal cavity

42
Q

Olfactory

A

roof of nasal cavity

43
Q

Side effects of RIPE

A

Rimfampicin: hepatitis, discolouration of the urine/tears, orange/red
Isoniazide: Neuropathy, agranulocytosis, allergic reaction
Pyrazinamide: Hepatic toxicity (rare), reduced excretion of rate, gout,
Ethambutol: colour blindness, developing into blindness

44
Q

Positive result for cANCA

A

Granulomatous with positive for polyangitis

45
Q

Bacterial causes of epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus Influenza B, Streptococcol or Staphylcoccal

46
Q

Complication of Cystic Fibrosis

A

Pancreatic insufficiency

47
Q

Chronic sinusitis, dextrocardia and infertility

A

Kartanger’s syndrome

48
Q

Cannon ball metastases

A

Renal cell carcinoma

49
Q

What organism is likely to cause infection excerbations of COPD and what antibiotics should be given?

A

Haemophillus Influenza and treated with amoxicillin or trimethoprim

50
Q

When should an IV bronchodilator be given to a patient which an acute exacerbation of asthma?

A

Only if the patient has failed to respond to REPEATED nebulised treatment

51
Q

Small cell carcinoma

A

oat cell- arises from endocrine cells which secrete polypeptide hormones. Highly malignant and rapid growing but response well to chemotherapy.

52
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

40% of lung carcinomas, cavitates, metastases late

53
Q

Large cell carcinoma

A

25% of all tumours, metastases early

54
Q

Adenocarinoma

A

10% of all tumours. Arises in scar tissue and is associated with asbestos. More common in non smokers, women and elderly

55
Q

Alveolar cell carcinoma

A

1-2% of patients. The patients produce large amounts of mucoid sputum.

56
Q

In COPD patients, non smokers with baseline O2 <7.3kPa consider…

A

Long term oxygen therapy for more than 15hrs a day to increase survival

57
Q

Egg shell calcification of hilar nodes

A

Silicosis

58
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis and rounded fibrotic nodules 0.5-5cm

A

Caplan’s Syndrome

59
Q

double shadow heart border, prominent left atrial apendage, left main bronchus elevation, widening of carina

A

Advanced mitral stenosis

Buzzwords (12 decks)

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