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Buzzwords > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Atypical lymphocytes, Intraepithelial involvement, endoscopic appearance of thickened folds and ulceration

A

Lymphomatous

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2
Q

Purple, plaque like lesion in fundus, slit like vascular spaces with spindle fibres. HIV positive

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

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3
Q

hypopigmented patches over dorsum, weight loss, loose stools, ogliomenorrhoea, tachycardiac and fine tremor

A

Thyrotoxicosis

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4
Q

Weight loss and polydipsia

A

Type 1 diabetes

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5
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome

A

Flush

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6
Q

Urinary frequency and dysparenuria complications

A

IBS

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7
Q

Postive Murphy’s sign

A

cholecystitis

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8
Q

severe epigastric pain radiating to back, alcohol and gallstones involved

A

Acute pancreatitis

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9
Q

Sharp left loin and LUQ pain radiating to the groin

A

Renal colic

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10
Q

colicky central abdomen pain and bile stained vomit

A

Small bowel obstruction

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11
Q

Epigastric pain worse at night, relived by eating and or drinking milk

A

Duodenal ulcer

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12
Q

Epigastric pain worse when eating

A

Gastric ulcer

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13
Q

air under diaphragm on chest radiograph

A

Perforated Duodenal ulcer

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14
Q

Aphtmous ulcers in mouth, mass in RIF, vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Crohn’s Disease

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15
Q

On treatment for TB, abdominal pain, malaise and jaundice

A

Hepatitis

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16
Q

Expansive and pulsatile mass

A

AAA

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17
Q

Right sided carcinoma of caecum

A

Weight loss and anaemia

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18
Q

Left sided carcinoma of sigmoid/colon

A

Change in bowel habit and bleeding PR

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19
Q

Patient over 40 presenting with acute appendicitis

A

Caecal carcinoma

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20
Q

Middle aged woman, increased menstrual bleeding, mass in lower middle quadrant which is not palpable.

A

Fibroids

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21
Q

Thick walled, rounded, fluid filled mass adjacent to the pancreas

A

Pancreatic Pseudocysts

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22
Q

Swelling of left supraclavicular node (Virchow’s node)

A

suggestive of intra abdominal mass malignancy. Gastric carcinoma.

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23
Q

Dysphagia for solids and liquids with tapering and weight loss

A

Oesophageal achalasia

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24
Q

“lump in throat” but no abnormality found

A

Globus Hystericus

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25
Q

Flaccid fasciculating tongue

A

Nerve XII involvement

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26
Q

signet ring

A

Adenocarcinoma

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27
Q

Recurrent orogenital ulceration, ocular disease with joint pain

A

Behcet’s disease

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28
Q

How to treat hyperventilation

A

Rebreathing or sedation with benzodiazepine

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29
Q

1st step management in diabetic ketoacidosis

A

IV rehydration with normal saline

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30
Q

Aged 30-40, gradually progressive dysphagia over the years, regurgitation of partially digested food, halitosis (bad breath) and coughing

A

Achalasia of the oesophagus

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31
Q

What are the 3 classic phases of gastric acid secretion?

A

Cephalic: triggered by smell, site, thought and taste before it enters the mouth
Gastric:initiated by presence of food in the stomach
Intestinal: presence of amino acid and food in the stomach

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32
Q

The 3 factors which inhibit gastric acid

A

Somatostatin
Secretin
Cholestysokinin

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33
Q

Gingival Hypertrophy–> Gingivectomy/biting on own gums

A

Side effect of Ca Channel Blockers or phenytoin

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34
Q

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

A

Achalasia; if in lower GI imagining is a sign of bowel obstruction

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35
Q

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

A

acute pancreatitis

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36
Q

Mneumonic for causes of acute pancreatitis

A 
GET SMASHED
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion stings/bites
Hyperlipideaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalaemia
ERCP
Drugs
37
Q

Murphy’s sign positive

A

Cholecystitis

38
Q

Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain

A

biliary obstruction

39
Q

Abdominal disension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

A

Portal hypertension and ascites

40
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

A

Crohn’s/UC

41
Q

Tickling bowel sounds

A

bowel obstruction

42
Q

Vesicular rash and weight loss

A

Coeliac disease

43
Q

Virchow’s node (lefts supraclavicular)

A

gastric cancer

44
Q

Urea breath test

A

H pylori

45
Q

C breath test

A

bacterial overgrowth

46
Q

“Rice water” like stools

A

Vibrio Cholera

47
Q

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Presence of anti mitochondrial antibodies

48
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis

A

Presence of Anti Smooth Muscle antibodies

49
Q

Alpha Feto protein assay

A

hepatocellular carcinoma (or terratoma)

50
Q

Cobblestone mucosa–> indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

A

Crohn’s disease

51
Q

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

A

Spironolcatone

52
Q

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

A

Diffuse oesphageal spasm

53
Q

Severe Abdominal pain and Disention after raw milk

A

Campylobacter

54
Q

Russel’s sign

A

self induced vomiting

55
Q

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

A

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

56
Q

Crypt abscess/cryptitis

A

IB Crohn’s

57
Q

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

58
Q

Signet ring cells seen on biopsy

A

Linitis Plastica- diffuse stomach cancer

59
Q

Thumb printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure

A

Ischaemic colitis

60
Q

Charcot’s Triad

A

Acute cholangitis ie fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis

61
Q

Causes for abdominal mass

A

A: Chemical AAA

Crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abscess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy

62
Q

Causes for bowel obstruction

A 
BATH VIPS
Bolus
Adhesions
Tumour
Hernia
Volvolus
Intersussception
Pseudo-obstruction
Stricture
63
Q

An important medical emergency in cancer patients

A

Hypercalaemia

64
Q

Extra intestinal clinical features associated with IBD?

A

sacrolitis, conjunctivitis, erythema nodosum, finger clubbing, primary sclerosing cholangitis

65
Q

Colicky central abdominal pain, rapidly followed by production of copious bile-stained vomitus. Later on, can’t open bowels.

A

Small bowel obstruction

66
Q

Colicky central abdominal pain with faeculent vomiting later on. First sign is can’t open bowels.

A

Large bowel obstruction

67
Q

Helicopter pylori postive

A

Duodenal ulcer

68
Q

Air under diaphragm

A

Perforated viscus

69
Q

Low iron, vitamin B12 and folate

A

Small bowel disease leading to malabsorption

70
Q

Weight loss, diarrhoea, vomiting, aphthous ulcers in the mouth and a mass is palpable in the right iliac fossa. Blood tests reveal low serum vitamin B12 and folate

A

Crohn’s disease

71
Q

Positive Troisier’s sign

A

Same as Virchow’s node therefore gastric carcinoma

72
Q

Over 40 and presenting with acute appendicitis. Severe microcytic anaemia, the mass is firm, irregular and 4 cm in diameter. Lower edge is palpable

A

Caecal carcinoma

73
Q

Tender upper abdominal mass. CT shows a thick-walled, rounded, fluid-filled mass adjacent to the pancreas.

A

Pancreatic pseudocyst

74
Q

Causes of CLUBBING

A 
Cyanotic heart disease
Lung disease (ABCDEF)
- Abscess
- Bronchiectasis
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Don’t say COPD
- Empyema
- Fibrosis
Ulcerative Collitis + Crohn's disease
Biliary cirrhosis
Birth Defects
Infective endocarditis
Neoplasms (e.g. lung cancer or mesothelioma)
Gastrointestinal malabsorption (Coeliac disease)
75
Q

weight loss, fever and right upper quadrant pain. On examination, a hard, irregular liver can be felt on palpation. Serum AFP is grossly elevated!!

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

76
Q

Middle aged male, “Bronze diabetes” with raised serum iron and ferritin

A

Haemochromatosis

77
Q

Spider naevi, gynaeco- mastia, testicular atrophy, Dupuytren’s contracture, palmar erythema, parotid enlargement, clubbing and leukonychia.

A

Chronic Liver disease

78
Q

Slit-lamp examination reveals a greenish-brown ring at the corneoscleral junction

A

Wilson’s disease

79
Q

Signs of chronic liver disease with a history of early onset pulmonary emphysema, predominantly affecting lung bases. Can be non smoker.

A

alpha-Antitrypsin deficiency

80
Q

Diarrhoea with palpitations and a regular pulse

A

Thyroxitcosis

81
Q

Abdominal pain, weight loss, fatty stools, extremely uncomfortable itchy blisters on her knees and elbows.

A

Coeliac disease

82
Q

weight loss, Lanugo hair, mild hypokalaemia

A

Anorexia nervosa

83
Q

Treatment for achalasia

A

First-line treatment involves endoscopic balloon dilatation of the sphincter.
Surgical treatment involves dividing the muscle at the lower end of the oesophagus – known as a Heller’s cardiomyotomy.

84
Q

Constipation, bleeding PR, Buccal pigmentation

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (benign hamartomatous polyps- autosomal dominant)

85
Q

Squamous to columnar epithelium intestinal metaplasia

A

Barrett’s oesophagus

86
Q

Risk factor for Pernicious anaemia

A

A condition characterised by atrophy of gastric mucosa and lack of intrinsic factor. Is a risk factor for gastric carcinoma

87
Q

Treatment for Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole

88
Q

Presence of Anti-endomysial antibodies (serum IgA)

A

Coeliac disease

89
Q

Recurrent cholangitis and UC

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Buzzwords (12 decks)

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