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Buzzwords > Respiratory 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pleuritic chest pain, hypoxia, hypotension and no focal chest signs….what next?

A

Massive PE therefore thrombolysis as danger of cardiac arrest

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2
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

PTH, hypercalaemia

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3
Q

The most frequently encountered signs of pneumonia on examination

A

crepitations

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4
Q

Asbestosis on chest x-ray

A

Lower lobe shadowing

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5
Q

Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic sclerosis- pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary vascular disease

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6
Q

Is COPD associated with nocturnal desaturation

A

Yes

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7
Q

Eggs of Type 1 Respiratory failure

A

Pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis

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8
Q

What does the alveolar arterial gradient give an indication of?

A

Severity of impaired oxygen of the lung

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9
Q

Is white asbestos more hazardous than blue?

A

No

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10
Q

Non caseating granuloma

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

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11
Q

Diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis

A

Abdominal fat pad biopsy, renal biopsy and demonstration of amyloid fibrils

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12
Q

Samter’s triad

A

Asthma, Nasal polyps, aspirin intolerance

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13
Q

Ground glass appearance on CT, is it associated with a better prognosis?

A

Yes, lesser degree than honeycombing and often regresses on treatment

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14
Q

Relationship between Interstitial Lung Disease and smoking

A

Smoking increases risk by 2 fold

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15
Q

Treatment for sleep aponea

A

Nasal CPAP

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16
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Reliable index of asthma severity and describes a greater than normal fall during inspiration

Often produced in PE

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17
Q

What drug class can cause a fall in serum potassium?

A

Beta-2 agonists

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18
Q

Which part of the respiratory centre responds to decreases in pH, increases in H+, increased PCO2 and decreased PO2?

A

Pons

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19
Q

Uncomplicated hypoglycaemia

A

No change in pH

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20
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Not the glucose level itself which stimulates pH, but the fall in pH which stimulates respiration

21
Q

Long arm of chromosome 7

A

CFTR gene

22
Q

What respiratory disease is CF associated with?

A

Asthma

23
Q

What is the association with DVT and PE?

A

A DVT can cause a PE but NOT vice versa

24
Q

Loud P2

A

Pulmonary hypertension

25
Q

Suspected PE treatment

A

Give heparin, oxygen and alalgesia before obtaining a CTPA or VQ scan

26
Q

Most frequently associated organisms with Bronchiectasis?

A

H.influenza and Pneumococcus

27
Q

Which Ig subclass is associated with Bronchiectasis?

A

IgG2 and IgG4

28
Q

Bilateral cavitating bronchopneumonia

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

29
Q

Pseudomonas infection

A

Common in Bronchiectasis and CF and hospital acquired infections

30
Q

Bi basal consolidation

A

Legionella

31
Q

Hypoxia, hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis before distal limb weakness and sensory loss

A

Guillian Barre Syndrome

32
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Common in hypoxia patients

33
Q

Name a risk of using anti-TNF mediation to treat rheumatoid arthritis

A

Active Pulmonary TB infection

34
Q

Causes of pleural effusion in terms of size: small, medium and large

A

Small: PE, pneumonia, heart failure, pancreatitis, connective tissue disorder
Medium: Pneumonia, heart failure
Large: Neoplastic esp lung, heart, breast, mesothelioma, infection (TB), trauma

35
Q

Causes of pleural effusion in terms of protein content: Transudate and Exudate

A

Transudate: heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
Exudate: Maligancy, infection, PE, trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, pancreatitis

36
Q

Hypoxia in area of lung

A

Vasoconstriction

37
Q

Chronic vasoconstriction

A

Rise in pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to Cor Pulmonale

38
Q

At what volume can a pleural effusion be detected on an Ultrasound?

A

500ml

39
Q

Features of severe asthma

A

Peak flow 110bpm
Tachynpoeac >25 respirations/min
unable to complete a whole sentence

40
Q

Features of life threatening asthma

A

Peak flow 6kPa- fatigue and imminent respiratory failure because of hyperventilation
A previous ITU admission suggests that the patient is prone to life threatening attacks

41
Q

Polyuria

A

Hypercalaemia- common feature of active sarcoid

42
Q

Raised JVP, third heart sound gallop rhythm and oedema

A

Cor Pulmonale

43
Q

Complication of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Cor Pulmonale

44
Q

Treatment for Mycoplasma Pneumonia

A

Macrolide eg Erythromycin

45
Q

Investigations and treatment for PE

A

Anticoagulation BEFORE investigations

  • V/Q scan or CT Pulmonary Angiogram
  • May be wedge shaped infarct on CXR, likely to be associated with Haemoptysis
46
Q

Calcified Pleural Plaques on both hemidiaphragms and Holly leaf patterns everywhere else

A

Calcified pleural plaques related to asbestos exposure

47
Q

72 yo Man who previously worked as a dockworker, weight loss, shortness of breath and right sided chest pain. Widespread, right sided pleural thickening with reduced lung volume and exudate pleural effusion

A

Mesothelioma

48
Q

What drugs should be avoided in Asthma as they can induce bronchoconstriction?

A

NSAIDs

49
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Abnormally large decrease in systolic BP and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration

Reliable index of asthma severity and describes a greater than normal fall during inspiration

Often produced in PE, pericarditis, cardiac tamponade,COPD

Buzzwords (12 decks)

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