Respiratory 3 Flashcards
Rheumatoid Arthritis and rounded fibrotic nodules
Caplan’s Syndrome
Egg shell pattern of calcification of CXR
Silicosis
Pleural Plaques and Asymptomatic
Asbestosis
Diffuse Pleural thickening, loss of costophrenic angles, exertion breathlessness and chest pain
Asbestosis- no treatment
Exertional breathlessness, fine, late inspiratory crackles over lower lobes
Asbestosis
Increasing breathlessness, resulting from pleural effusion or chest pain. Red flags
Mesthelioma
Radiotherapy and drain pleural effusions
Most common type of Bronchial Carcinoma
Squamous cell and most likely to cavitate
What are the 4 causes of a complete “white out” on a chest x-ray and in which direction will the trachea be pushed?
Large pleural effusion: trachea pushed away
Complete Lung Collapse: trachea pushed towards
Pneumonectomy: Trachea pushed towards
Pneumonia: Trachea Central
Name some causes of a cavitating lung lesion on a chest x-ray
squamous cell carcinoma, lung abscesses, cavitating pneumonia, TB, pulmonary infarct, Rheumatoid nodule, Granulomatous with polyangitis
What signs might a patient express in an acute, massive PE?
Tachycardia, Hypotension, Loud P2, raised JVP, RV gallop rhythm, severe cyanosis, decreased urine output
Metabolic acidosis
Clinical Signs of Pulmonary Hypertension and right heart failure
Central Cyanosis, dependant oedema, Raised JVP with “v waves”, right ventricular heave at left parasternal edge, murmur of tricuspid regurgitation, pulsatile liver
What signs might a patient express in an acute, massive PE?
Tachycardia, Hypotension, Loud P2, raised JVP, RV gallop rhythm, severe cyanosis, decreased urine output
Metabolic acidosis
Where is a DVT most likely to embolise?
Most proximally (ileofemoral)
What are the investigations for DVT?
Leg doppler (1st line) then CT scan of Ileofemoral veins, IVC and pelvis
What signs might a patient express in an small/medium PE?
Pleuritic chest pain, haemoptysis, breathlessness
