Cardiovascular Flashcards
Short PR interval and delta waves
Wolf Parkinson white Syndrome
VT in unstable patients with a low systolic bp what next?
DC cardioversion (up to 3 times) then amiodarone
Abnormal ECG, chronic renal failure–> hyperkalemia. What drug?
Calcium Chloride
U waves
Hypokalemia
Asymmetrical pulse and excruciating pain
Aortic Dissection
Tapping apex beat, loud first heart sound, rumbling mid diastolic murmur at apex
Mitral Stenosis
Narrow pulse pressure, heaving and undisplaced apex beat, soft second heart sound and ejection systolic murmur hear in aortic area and radiating to carotids
Aortic Stenosis
Low voltage QRS complex are caused by…
Hypothyroidism, COPD, increased haemocrit
Coarctation of the aorta
Turner’s Syndrome
Aortic root dilatation (causing aortic regurgitation), mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation
Marfan’s syndrome
Deficiency of app B-100
accumulation of cholesterol
Widened QRS complex
Hyperkalaemia
Raised J waves
Hypothermia
Shortened QT interval
Hypercalaemia
Prolonged QT interval
Hypocalaemia
Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relived by sitting up and leaning forward
Pericarditis
Irregularly irregular pulse
Atrial Fibrillation
ECG saw tooth baseline and 150bpm
Atrial Flutter
Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion
ABCD
Pulmonary oedema
Raised JVP/hepatojugular
Right sided heart failure
Sense of impending doom
MI
Saddle shaped ST elevation
Pericarditis
Broad complex tachycardia
Ventricular problem
Mid diastolic murmur with tapping undisplaced apex, loud first heart sound
Mitral Stenosis
Borad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)
Wolff- Parkinson-White Syndrome
Tall, tented T waves (and wide QRS)
Hyperkalaemia
Blurred yellowing vision headache
Digoxin Toxicity
Janeway lesions/ Olser’s nodes
Subacte bacterial endocarditis
Continous Machine like heart murmur
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Rib Notching on CXR
Coarctation of the aorta
Crescendo decrescendo murmur
Aortic Stenosis
Diminished absent lower limb pulses
Coarctation of the aorta
MRS ASS
Mitral Regurgitation Systolic, Aortic Stenosis Systolic
Recurrent paroxysmal AF complication
Pulmonary oedema
Bilateral pitting oedema on CXR, Persistent hypoxia despite inspired 02 conc >40%, poor lung compliance, not cardiac failure, normal oncotic pressure
ARDS
A patient with systolic bp of 90 or less, pulse rate 100-150 and either in shock, syncope, MI or heart failure…what treatment?
DC Cardioversion up to 3 times then given Amiodarone
Heart sound that sounds similar to mitral regurgitation in character but does not intensify on inspiration
VSD
Slow rising pulse
Aortic Stenosis
V waves
Tricuspid regurgitation
What is a serious complication of mitral stenosis?
AF
Acute Pulmonary oedema and chronic heart failure
Loop diuretic
Patient being treated with large doses of loop diuretics required add on for oedema refractory to treatment
Add a thiazide diuretic because of the synergistic mechanism
A drug which can be shown to decrease long term mortality when prescribed to a patient already on a list of drugs
Spironolactone
Patient with chronic heart failure and severe pulmonary oedema
100% O2, IV diamorphine, IV frusemide, sublingual GTN
Mild left ventricular dysfunction should be treated principally with_____ However if shortness of breath and ankle oedema are not controlled then the added drug should be _____
ACE___An oral loop diuretic
Prior to DC elective cardioversion, what drugs should be given and for how long?
Digoxin and warfarin for a month
Patient is severely compromised with acute persistent AF, what drug treatment?
Immediate DC cardio shock
Drug of choice to treat VT
IV Amiodarone
Drug used in the diagnosis of unidentified arrthymias
Adenosine
What is the difference in shunting of blood in a cyanotic defect and an Acyanotic defect and give an example of each?
Acyanotic- left to right shunting: Aortic Stenosis and pulmonary stenosis
Cyanotic: right to left shunting: Fallot’s Tetralogy
Hypertension mono therapy for patients >55years and black of any age
Ca channel antagonist
Hypertension mono therapy for <55years
ACE
What drug should never be given to pregnant women or women of child bearing age?
ACE Inhibitors
What is a suitable combination therapy for hypertension?
ACE, Ca antagonist and Thiazide
What organism causes IE and what valves are affected?
Staph Aureus,
Mitral or aortic in normal people
Tricuspid in IV drug users
What is the most common bacteraemic cause of IE?
Staph viridans
Young woman with hypertension, hypokaelmia and metabolic alkalosis
Conn’s syndrome
Weight gain, muscle loss, hirtuism, hypertension and pedal oedema
excessive glucose levels….Cushing’s syndrome
Severe hypertension with Acute end organ failure
Malignant hypertension
Most common cause of secondary hypertension
Renal disease
Collapsing pulse with sharp upstroke and wide pulse pressure and inaudible 2nd heart sound
aortic regurgitation
What is the common final pathway to platelet aggregation?
GP IIb/IIIa
Treatment for symptomatic patients with mitral stenosis with a valve which is non calcified and mobile
Balloon valvuloplasty
Bifid P waves
Left atrial hypertrophy
Absent P waves
Atrial fibrillation
Hyperthyrodism
Atrial fibrillation
Hypothyroidism
Bradycardia
Early opening snap in diastole
Mitral stenosis
Mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur
Mitral valve prolapse
Ejection systolic murmur
Pulmonary Stenosis
Slate grey rash that was worsened on prolonged holiday abroad. What drug caused this?
Amiodarone
photo sensitivity also: Bendroflumethiazide
Drug which has severe muscle pain as side effect
STATIN
Persistent ST elevation on ECG and previous history of MI
Left ventricular aneurysm
Retinal haemorrhages caused by immune complex vasculitis and bacterial endocarditis
Roth’s spots
Abnormal flushing and blanching of the nail bed
Quinche’s sign: may be a sign of aortic insufficiency
Painful nodules found on pulp of terminal phalanges of fingers and toes
Painless and non tender lesions on the hands and feet
Osler’s nodes
Janeway lesions
