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Buzzwords > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Short PR interval and delta waves

A

Wolf Parkinson white Syndrome

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2
Q

VT in unstable patients with a low systolic bp what next?

A

DC cardioversion (up to 3 times) then amiodarone

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3
Q

Abnormal ECG, chronic renal failure–> hyperkalemia. What drug?

A

Calcium Chloride

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4
Q

U waves

A

Hypokalemia

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5
Q

Asymmetrical pulse and excruciating pain

A

Aortic Dissection

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6
Q

Tapping apex beat, loud first heart sound, rumbling mid diastolic murmur at apex

A

Mitral Stenosis

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7
Q

Narrow pulse pressure, heaving and undisplaced apex beat, soft second heart sound and ejection systolic murmur hear in aortic area and radiating to carotids

A

Aortic Stenosis

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8
Q

Low voltage QRS complex are caused by…

A

Hypothyroidism, COPD, increased haemocrit

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9
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Turner’s Syndrome

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10
Q

Aortic root dilatation (causing aortic regurgitation), mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation

A

Marfan’s syndrome

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11
Q

Deficiency of app B-100

A

accumulation of cholesterol

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12
Q

Widened QRS complex

A

Hyperkalaemia

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13
Q

Raised J waves

A

Hypothermia

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14
Q

Shortened QT interval

A

Hypercalaemia

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15
Q

Prolonged QT interval

A

Hypocalaemia

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16
Q

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relived by sitting up and leaning forward

A

Pericarditis

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17
Q

Irregularly irregular pulse

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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18
Q

ECG saw tooth baseline and 150bpm

A

Atrial Flutter

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19
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion
ABCD

A

Pulmonary oedema

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20
Q

Raised JVP/hepatojugular

A

Right sided heart failure

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21
Q

Sense of impending doom

A

MI

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22
Q

Saddle shaped ST elevation

A

Pericarditis

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23
Q

Broad complex tachycardia

A

Ventricular problem

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24
Q

Mid diastolic murmur with tapping undisplaced apex, loud first heart sound

A

Mitral Stenosis

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25
Q

Borad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

A

Wolff- Parkinson-White Syndrome

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26
Q

Tall, tented T waves (and wide QRS)

A

Hyperkalaemia

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27
Q

Blurred yellowing vision headache

A

Digoxin Toxicity

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28
Q

Janeway lesions/ Olser’s nodes

A

Subacte bacterial endocarditis

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29
Q

Continous Machine like heart murmur

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

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30
Q

Rib Notching on CXR

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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31
Q

Crescendo decrescendo murmur

A

Aortic Stenosis

32
Q

Diminished absent lower limb pulses

A

Coarctation of the aorta

33
Q

MRS ASS

A

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic, Aortic Stenosis Systolic

34
Q

Recurrent paroxysmal AF complication

A

Pulmonary oedema

35
Q

Bilateral pitting oedema on CXR, Persistent hypoxia despite inspired 02 conc >40%, poor lung compliance, not cardiac failure, normal oncotic pressure

A

ARDS

36
Q

A patient with systolic bp of 90 or less, pulse rate 100-150 and either in shock, syncope, MI or heart failure…what treatment?

A

DC Cardioversion up to 3 times then given Amiodarone

37
Q

Heart sound that sounds similar to mitral regurgitation in character but does not intensify on inspiration

A

VSD

38
Q

Slow rising pulse

A

Aortic Stenosis

39
Q

V waves

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

40
Q

What is a serious complication of mitral stenosis?

A

AF

41
Q

Acute Pulmonary oedema and chronic heart failure

A

Loop diuretic

42
Q

Patient being treated with large doses of loop diuretics required add on for oedema refractory to treatment

A

Add a thiazide diuretic because of the synergistic mechanism

43
Q

A drug which can be shown to decrease long term mortality when prescribed to a patient already on a list of drugs

A

Spironolactone

44
Q

Patient with chronic heart failure and severe pulmonary oedema

A

100% O2, IV diamorphine, IV frusemide, sublingual GTN

45
Q

Mild left ventricular dysfunction should be treated principally with_____ However if shortness of breath and ankle oedema are not controlled then the added drug should be _____

A

ACE___An oral loop diuretic

46
Q

Prior to DC elective cardioversion, what drugs should be given and for how long?

A

Digoxin and warfarin for a month

47
Q

Patient is severely compromised with acute persistent AF, what drug treatment?

A

Immediate DC cardio shock

48
Q

Drug of choice to treat VT

A

IV Amiodarone

49
Q

Drug used in the diagnosis of unidentified arrthymias

A

Adenosine

50
Q

What is the difference in shunting of blood in a cyanotic defect and an Acyanotic defect and give an example of each?

A

Acyanotic- left to right shunting: Aortic Stenosis and pulmonary stenosis
Cyanotic: right to left shunting: Fallot’s Tetralogy

51
Q

Hypertension mono therapy for patients >55years and black of any age

A

Ca channel antagonist

52
Q

Hypertension mono therapy for <55years

A

ACE

53
Q

What drug should never be given to pregnant women or women of child bearing age?

A

ACE Inhibitors

54
Q

What is a suitable combination therapy for hypertension?

A

ACE, Ca antagonist and Thiazide

55
Q

What organism causes IE and what valves are affected?

A

Staph Aureus,
Mitral or aortic in normal people
Tricuspid in IV drug users

56
Q

What is the most common bacteraemic cause of IE?

A

Staph viridans

57
Q

Young woman with hypertension, hypokaelmia and metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

58
Q

Weight gain, muscle loss, hirtuism, hypertension and pedal oedema

A

excessive glucose levels….Cushing’s syndrome

59
Q

Severe hypertension with Acute end organ failure

A

Malignant hypertension

60
Q

Most common cause of secondary hypertension

A

Renal disease

61
Q

Collapsing pulse with sharp upstroke and wide pulse pressure and inaudible 2nd heart sound

A

aortic regurgitation

62
Q

What is the common final pathway to platelet aggregation?

A

GP IIb/IIIa

63
Q

Treatment for symptomatic patients with mitral stenosis with a valve which is non calcified and mobile

A

Balloon valvuloplasty

64
Q

Bifid P waves

A

Left atrial hypertrophy

65
Q

Absent P waves

A

Atrial fibrillation

66
Q

Hyperthyrodism

A

Atrial fibrillation

67
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Bradycardia

68
Q

Early opening snap in diastole

A

Mitral stenosis

69
Q

Mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur

A

Mitral valve prolapse

70
Q

Ejection systolic murmur

A

Pulmonary Stenosis

71
Q

Slate grey rash that was worsened on prolonged holiday abroad. What drug caused this?

A

Amiodarone

photo sensitivity also: Bendroflumethiazide

72
Q

Drug which has severe muscle pain as side effect

A

STATIN

73
Q

Persistent ST elevation on ECG and previous history of MI

A

Left ventricular aneurysm

74
Q

Retinal haemorrhages caused by immune complex vasculitis and bacterial endocarditis

A

Roth’s spots

75
Q

Abnormal flushing and blanching of the nail bed

A

Quinche’s sign: may be a sign of aortic insufficiency

76
Q

Painful nodules found on pulp of terminal phalanges of fingers and toes
Painless and non tender lesions on the hands and feet

A

Osler’s nodes

Janeway lesions

Buzzwords (12 decks)

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