RESPIRATORY 17

Question 1

Generation of breathing?

Answer 1

Occurs in the brainstem

Question 2

What does the brainstem do?

Answer 2

Rhythmically activate respiratory muscles

Question 3

What is controlled by the nervous system?

Answer 3

Lungs and thoracic musculature

Question 4

Somatic innervation:

Which nerves are involved? (2 nerves)

Answer 4

Phrenic

Spinal

Question 5

The following inspiratory muscles are innervated by:

1) Diaphragm
2) Upper airway
3) Scalenes

Answer 5

1) Phrenic nerve
2) Hypoglossal nerve
3) Cervical nerve

Question 6

Expiratory muscles are innervated by:

1) Adbominal muscles

Answer 6

1) Thoracic spinal nerve

Question 7

Clinical focus: Obstructive Sleep Apnea

1) Is also known as?
2) Longterm consequences (2)?
3) Treatments

Answer 7

1) Pickwickian Syndrome
2) Cardiovascular diseases - hypertension & Stroke
3) Losing weight & Continuous positive airway pressure ( CARP0 during the night

Question 8

Clinical focus: Obstructive Sleep Apneas (OSA)

1) What happen to muscle activity?
2) What happens to the Rib Cage and abdomen

Answer 8

1) Reduction of upper airway muscle activity & diaphragm activity bu no flow
2) Movements are opposite: while the ribcage expands, the abdomen contracts

Question 9

What causes OSA?

1) Upper airways
2) Sleep
3) Obesity
4) Legs and neck

Answer 9

1) Collapse of upper airways
2) Reducing upper airway muscle activity
3) Narrowing the upper airway die to accumulation of fat
4) Fluid shift

Question 10

Contributing factors to OSA

Answer 10

Obesity and Alcohol