CARDIOVASCULAR 11

Question 1

Where is blood pressure highest?

Answer 1

Highest in the arteries (decreases along circulatory system)

Question 2

Measuring Arterial Blood pressure: “korotkoff” sounds

• The snapping sound first heard at the ?
• Silence as the cuff pressure drops below the ?

Answer 2

• Systolic pressure

- Diastolic pressure

Question 3

1) What is a pulse?

2) Where is it monitored?

Answer 3

1) A pulse pressure wave of circulating blood

2) Monitored at points

Question 4

Pulse pressure Formula?

Answer 4

systolic P - diastolic P

Question 5

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

formula

Answer 5

= diastolic P + 1/3(systolic P -diastolic P)

=2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic

Question 6

What is mean arterial pressure?

Answer 6

Mean arterial pressure is the time-average pressure in the arterial “bag”

Question 7

What controls the pressure in the “aortic bag”?

Answer 7

• Mean arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and resistance in the arterioles
• Both regulate aortic blood volume at entry and exit

Question 8

1) Mean arterial pressure is proportional to?

2) What drives the flow in tissues?

Answer 8

1) Cardiac output x resistance

2) Blood vessel

Question 9

Total resistance Influences ?

Answer 9

Mean arterial pressure

Question 10

Mean arterial blood pressure is determined by?

Answer 10

Resistance of the system to blood flow

Question 11

Resistance of the system to blood flow?

Answer 11

Determined by diameter of the arterioles

Question 12

What is the relationship between flow, pressure and resistance?

Answer 12

Flow is proportional to change in pressure divided by resistance

Question 13

Flow of blood in the system circuit is (2 things?)

Answer 13

1) Directly proportional to the pressure gradient

2) Inversely proportional to the resistance to flow

Question 14

What is Total flow (CO) proportional to?

Answer 14

Pressure in the arteries minus pressure in the ventricles divided total resistance.

Question 15

Cardiac Output influences mean arterial pressure is determined by?

Answer 15

Effectiveness of the heart as a pump (cardiac output) is determined by heart rate and stroke volume

Question 16

Cardiac output

Answer 16

heart rate x stroke volume

Question 17

Blood distribution mean arterial pressure is determined by?

Answer 17

Relative distribution of blood between arterial and venous blood vessels

Question 18

Mean arterial blood pressure is determined by ?

Answer 18

Blood volume

Question 19

Fluid loss may be

Answer 19

1) Passive

2) Regulated at kidneys

Question 20

What does RAAS stand for?

Answer 20

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 21

Name the hormone responsible for a slow response

Answer 21

Aldosterone

Question 22

How is aldosterone produced

Answer 22

1) Adrenal cortex
2) Reabsorption of salt (Na) and water by kidney
3) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
4) Feedback loop-salt intake vs renin secretion

Question 23

Relationship between blood volume and pressure?

Answer 23

Increase in blood volume leads to an increase in blood pressure

Question 24

Fast response?
Following steps?
Effect?

Answer 24

Compensation by cardiovascular system
1) Vasodilation
2) increase cardiac output
Decrease in blood pressure to normal

Question 25

Slow response?
secretion of?
Following step?
Effect?

Answer 25

Compensation by kidneys 
(pressure natriuresis)
Renin-angiotensin
Excretion of fluid in urine, decrease in blood volume
Decrease in  blood pressure to normal

Question 26

Baroreceptor Reflex

Answer 26

response to increased Blood pressure

Question 27

The baroreceptor reflex: the response to ?

Increases or decreases:

Answer 27

Increased blood pressure

Question 28

The baroreceptor reflex: the response to?

Answer 28

Orthostatic hypotension