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PSL301 > BLOOD 5 > Flashcards

BLOOD 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are platelets needed for?
What does thrombopoietin do?
Platelet half-life

A

Blood clotting
Increases platelet numbers
10 days

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2
Q

Three phases of hemostasis

A

1) Vascular phase
2) Platelet phase
3) Coagulation phase

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3
Q

Vascular phase

Vasoconstriction prolonged by?

A

Neurogenic and myogenic control

Serotonin, Endothelin-1, Thromoboxane A2

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4
Q

Platelet phase

A

1) Exposed collagen: binds and activated platelets
2) Factors released from platelet
3) Factors attract more platelets
4) Platelets aggregate from plug

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5
Q

Platelet Phase?
Where the von Willebrand factor made?
What does it bind to?
What effect does it have?

A

Endothelial cells and platelets
Binds to both collagen and platelets
Causes aggregation of platelets

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6
Q

Factors that cause platelet aggregation

A

ADP
paf
Serotonin
Thromboxane a2

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7
Q

What does platelet aggregation lead to

A

Vasoconstriction

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8
Q

Platelet activation

A

Helps adhesion

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9
Q

What the role of Prostacyclin (prostagladin I2, PG12 and nitiric oxide (NO).

A

Prevent platelet adhesion and are vasodilators

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10
Q

What is prostacyclin

A

anti-coagulant

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11
Q

Arachidonic acid leads to PGH2 synthesis: produces three chemicals?

A

1) Prostaglandins
2) Thromboxane A2
3) Prostacyclin

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12
Q

Cyclooxygenase?

Aspirin?

A

Causes synthesis

Inhibits thromboxane A2

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13
Q

Coagulation cascade common pathway:

1) Factor X
2) Prothrombin
3) Fibrinogen
4) Factor XIII

A

1) Active X
2) Thrombin
3) Fibrin
4) Active XIII

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14
Q

What is the final product of the coagulation cascade?

What cofactor is required for blood clotting?

A

Cross-linked fibrin polymer

Ca+

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15
Q

Where is the Extrinsic Pathway found
Responds to ?
Name the 4 tissue factors involved?
Which factor causes (+) feedback

A

Found in tissues
Cell injury
Factor VII, Factor III, Factor IX and X
Active factor X

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16
Q

What Intrinsic pathway respond to?
Which factors are activated?
Factor XI is activated by?

A

Contant activation
Factors: XII, XI, IX
Thrombin positive feedback from common pathway of thrombin

17
Q

Which factor does the von willebrand factor regulate
Why is vitamin K required?
What is Cuomadin (Warfarin) and what its function?

A

Levels of VIIII
Synthesis of thrombin, VII, IX and X
Anticoagulant which blocks the action of vitamin K

18
Q

One effect of a deficiency in factor IX and factor VIII?

A

Severe bleeding

19
Q

Cell based: location
Initiation phase
What starts this phase?

A

Cell membrane of smooth muscle?

Exposure of tissue factor: starts to produce small amounts of thrombin

20
Q

Amplification phase

Which factors does thrombin activate?

A

Factors V, XI and VIII

21
Q

Propagation phase
Active factors on the surface of platelets form ?
What is a thrombin burst?

A

Tenase

When prothrombin cleaves large amount of prothrombinase result in large amounts of thrombin

22
Q

Three characteristics of von Willebrand disease

A

1) Most common coagulation disorder
2) Problems in quality or quanitity of von willebrand factor
3) Areas with high number of smlal capillaries (skin, gi tract, uterus)

23
Q

Causes of Hemophilia A

Causes of Hemophilia B

A

Factor VIII

Factor IX

24
Q

How is the clot removed after healing has taken place?

What is this process called?

A

Requires thrombin, plasminogen and tPA to form plasmin: which cleaves the fibrin polymer to firbin fragments
Firbinolysis

25
Q

Where is tPA released?
Thrombus?
Embolus?

A

Slowly by the endothelium
Blood clot attached to vessel wall
Floating blood clot

26
Q

Physiological anticoagulants: released from:

1) Plasminogen/Plasmin
2) Tissues plasminogen activator (tPA)
3) Antithrombin III
4) Prostacyclin

A

1) Liver
2) Mant tissues
3) Liver
4) Endothelial cells

27
Q

Physiological anticoagulants: activated by:

1) Plasminogen/Plasmin
2) Tissues plasminogen activator (tPA)
3) Antithrombin III
4) Prostacyclin

A

1) tPA and thrombin
2) Normally present
3) Heparin
4) N/A

28
Q

Physiological anticoagulants function:

1) Plasminogen/Plasmin
2) Tissues plasminogen activator (tPA)
3) Antithrombin III
4) Prostacyclin

A

1) Breaksdown fibrin
2) Activates plasminogen
3) Blocks IX,X, XI,XIII, thrombin
4) Inhibits platelet aggregation

PSL301 (18 decks)

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