respiratory

Question 1

what is oxygen?

Answer 1

oxygen is one of the 2 main gases in the air we breathe & O2 and contains 21% of gas in air

Question 2

name the 3 processes

Answer 2

1) ventilation: breathing/respiratory
2) gas exchange: oxygen/ carbon dioxide
3) transport of gases

Question 3

explain ventilation

Answer 3

the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs.
- expansion of the lungs or inspiration= active process
- contraction of the lungs or exportation= passive

Question 4

explain gas exchange

Answer 4

oxygen is transferred from lungs to blood for transportation to tissues. Carbon dioxide is transferred from blood to Aveoli to be exhaled.

Question 5

normal gas exchange depends on what factors

Answer 5

1) concentration gradient of the gases
2) intact alveolar membranes
3) adequate blood supply to the aveoli

Question 6

explain pneumonia

Answer 6

oxygen can not get through the membranes (oxygen level is low)

Question 7

explain transport of gases

Answer 7

for oxygen to be delivered to body tissues, it is dependent on an intact and functioning cardiovascular (heart, blood vessels and blood flow)

Question 8

whats the respiratory rate the normal

Answer 8

10-20 bpm

Question 9

what is bradypnea

Answer 9

rate < 10 bpm

Question 10

what is tachypnea

Answer 10

R> 24 bpm

Question 11

what is apnea

Answer 11

short periods with no breathing

Question 12

explain respiratory arrest

Answer 12

prolonged periods with no breathing

Question 13

when taking the respiratory rate

Answer 13

important to be discreet when taking RR.
adult= 10-20 bpm
not a conscious process

Question 14

explain respiratory rythm normal

Answer 14

rythmic, even chest movement, effortless, equal intervals between cycle

Question 15

explain depth of respirations

Answer 15

deep, shallow, accessory muscle, asses with inspirometer

Question 16

explain normal breath sounds

Answer 16

clear, breezy, swishy.

Question 17

What are adventitious sounds

Answer 17

whistle noise, something that shhouldnt be there

Question 18

explain subjective feelings

Answer 18

they should ask: difficulty breathing and shortness of breathing

Question 19

explain skin color, warmth, moisture normal

Answer 19

warm, dry to touch, pink undertone, no sign of pallor

Question 20

explain capillar refill normal

Answer 20

push on nail bed to make it blanch, colour should come back <3 sec

Question 21

explain activity tolerance normal

Answer 21

ADL with no shortness of breathing

Question 22

explain LOC (level of conciouness)

Answer 22

fainting, decreased oxygen to brain

Question 23

explain behavior

Answer 23

no sign of confusing and agitation, person, place, time

Question 24

explain presence of cough

Answer 24

productive cough or non productive cough, sputum= important to take notice of mucous

Question 25

explain diagnostic test

Answer 25

• blood test
  -oxygen saturation, normal 95%-100%
  -stress test= activity tolerance
• sputum culture= presence of bacteria= lung infection
• chest x ray
• CT scan

Question 26

what factors that can affect the pulse oximeter

Answer 26

poor circulation, nail polish, shaking

Question 27

Assessment= causes

Answer 27

1) structural integrity= musculoskeletal functioning
2) presence of pain= less chest expansion
3) environment=changes in altitude, less O2 in air, external temp= higher metabolic rate to meet demands.
4) disruption of other body system=activity&rest= stronger heart muscle and higher cardiac
5) emotion= stress -> O2 higher demand
6) medication= CNS depressants
7) age= less muscle strength
8) altered cardiac functioning= less cardiac output
9) knowledge= understands how to meet oxygen demands, aware if what enhance their condition