respiratory Flashcards
what is oxygen?
oxygen is one of the 2 main gases in the air we breathe & O2 and contains 21% of gas in air
name the 3 processes
1) ventilation: breathing/respiratory
2) gas exchange: oxygen/ carbon dioxide
3) transport of gases
explain ventilation
the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs.
- expansion of the lungs or inspiration= active process
- contraction of the lungs or exportation= passive
explain gas exchange
oxygen is transferred from lungs to blood for transportation to tissues. Carbon dioxide is transferred from blood to Aveoli to be exhaled.
normal gas exchange depends on what factors
1) concentration gradient of the gases
2) intact alveolar membranes
3) adequate blood supply to the aveoli
explain pneumonia
oxygen can not get through the membranes (oxygen level is low)
explain transport of gases
for oxygen to be delivered to body tissues, it is dependent on an intact and functioning cardiovascular (heart, blood vessels and blood flow)
whats the respiratory rate the normal
10-20 bpm
what is bradypnea
rate < 10 bpm
what is tachypnea
R> 24 bpm
what is apnea
short periods with no breathing
explain respiratory arrest
prolonged periods with no breathing
when taking the respiratory rate
important to be discreet when taking RR.
adult= 10-20 bpm
not a conscious process
explain respiratory rythm normal
rythmic, even chest movement, effortless, equal intervals between cycle
explain depth of respirations
deep, shallow, accessory muscle, asses with inspirometer
explain normal breath sounds
clear, breezy, swishy.
What are adventitious sounds
whistle noise, something that shhouldnt be there
explain subjective feelings
they should ask: difficulty breathing and shortness of breathing
explain skin color, warmth, moisture normal
warm, dry to touch, pink undertone, no sign of pallor
explain capillar refill normal
push on nail bed to make it blanch, colour should come back <3 sec
explain activity tolerance normal
ADL with no shortness of breathing
explain LOC (level of conciouness)
fainting, decreased oxygen to brain
explain behavior
no sign of confusing and agitation, person, place, time
explain presence of cough
productive cough or non productive cough, sputum= important to take notice of mucous
explain diagnostic test
- blood test
-oxygen saturation, normal 95%-100%
-stress test= activity tolerance - sputum culture= presence of bacteria= lung infection
- chest x ray
- CT scan
what factors that can affect the pulse oximeter
poor circulation, nail polish, shaking
Assessment= causes
1) structural integrity= musculoskeletal functioning
2) presence of pain= less chest expansion
3) environment=changes in altitude, less O2 in air, external temp= higher metabolic rate to meet demands.
4) disruption of other body system=activity&rest= stronger heart muscle and higher cardiac
5) emotion= stress -> O2 higher demand
6) medication= CNS depressants
7) age= less muscle strength
8) altered cardiac functioning= less cardiac output
9) knowledge= understands how to meet oxygen demands, aware if what enhance their condition
