hygiene and skin Flashcards
explain the importance of hygiene care
protects the body importance protective mechanism and can provide important information regarding someone’s health AND IT IS A IMPORTANT ROUTINE AND SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION
what are the goals of bathing & hygiene care
-reduce risk of infection
- remove irritation substance (urine)
- promote comfort
- improve self-image (feelings of well-being)
- increase circulation (blood)
what are the 3 excellent opportunities to assess
-Range of motion
- level of ADL dependency (can they do things)
- overall skin condition
name the factors influencing hygiene
Social practices: influenced by parents & peers
Personal preferences: shampoo
Body image: outward appearance reflects how a person feels/views themselves
Socioeconomic: ability to pursaches
Health beliefs: understanding that hygiene practices relate to state of health
Cultural variables: hygiene routine varies within cultures
Physical condition: pain
name the rules of bathing a patient
privacy, safety, warmth, independance, organized
what is the defense system?
physical barrier, immune system, warmth, independence, organization
what are the functions of the skin
protection
prevention
perception
temperature regulation
wound repair
production of VD
describe protection
minimize injury from physical chemicals
describe prevention
prevents water loss within the body
describe perception
vast sensory for touch and pain
describe temperature regulation
skin allows heat dissipation through sweat glands and heat shortage
what are the protective function of mucous membrane
1) respiratory tract
2) mouth
3) urinary tract
4) gastrointestinal tract
5) vagina
explain cultural consideration
be aware of normal biocultural difference and know unique sign & symptom that are important for people with dark skin.
describe melanin
helps against harmful ultraviolet lights
describe melanoma
lower chance of skin cancer
what are tips for assessing dark skin?
use natural light for skin color changes. There are areas that are lighter in colour which are easier to asses
examples for assessing dark skin
1)conjunctiva is vascular and shows if person is pallor (eyes should be pink)
2) sclera of eyes (show jaundice)
3) listen to family comments about colour change
4) paplate surface for erythmia
5) be aware of normal variations to hyperpigmented skin
name skin disorders
vitiligo, keloid scarring, albinism
describe pallor
white- no pink. May look grey on dark skin
describe erythema
red-sunburn or inflammation. Difficult to see on dark skin
describe cyanosis
blue= oxygenation shortage. Nail bed.
describe jaundice
yellow stain on skin
describe hypothermia
skin too cold
describe hyperthermia
skin too hot
describe perspiration
normal response to activity
describe dehydration
skin cracked
diaphoresis
heavy perspiring
name the steps of what the nurse begins their inspection
1) skin assessment
2) temperature
3) moisture
4) texture
5) thickness
6) turgor/mobility
7) mucous membranes
8) sensory
9) hair
10) nails
11) overall cleanliness
describe turgor
normal skin returns when pinched
where to inspect membranes for any pain and colour
nose, eyes, vagina, mouth
what is alopecia
hair loss due to malnutrition, chemo
what do you assess for hair?
scalp and hair and to see if you are free of lessions
explain what to see when assessing nails
if the skin around nail is smooth, note the color and shape and cleanliness
explain what to see when assessing overall cleanliness
body odor, teeth brushed
what are the 4 major causes in skin assessment
environmental factors
integrity of other components
learned behaviors
developmental age common skin problems
describe the environmental factors
internal= increased body temperature = exercise, fever, anxiety
external= temp extremes= sun exposure, soap, urine
describe integrity of other components
if there is a problem w a part of body= it is related with something else
describe learned behaviors
proper hygiene practices, effective oral hygiene, eating a well-balanced diet, protection from sunlight
describe developmental stage common skin problems
babies= prone to dehydration
adolescents= acne
Elderly= dryness
name the elderly higher risk of disease
1) thinning of the skin
2) decrease in vascularity
3) wound healing
4) environmental trauma
5) socioeconomic
6)lifestyle & chances of immobility
what to do as nurse to do hygiene w client
- maintain privacy & warmth
-nurse needs excellent communication/ observation skills (places client at ease and manage to do head to toe assessment)
-enhance the relationship (provides opportunity to interact and focus on the patient’s needs)
