hygiene and skin

Question 1

explain the importance of hygiene care

Answer 1

protects the body importance protective mechanism and can provide important information regarding someone’s health AND IT IS A IMPORTANT ROUTINE AND SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION

Question 2

what are the goals of bathing & hygiene care

Answer 2

-reduce risk of infection
- remove irritation substance (urine)
- promote comfort
- improve self-image (feelings of well-being)
- increase circulation (blood)

Question 3

what are the 3 excellent opportunities to assess

Answer 3

-Range of motion
- level of ADL dependency (can they do things)
- overall skin condition

Question 4

name the factors influencing hygiene

Answer 4

Social practices: influenced by parents & peers
Personal preferences: shampoo
Body image: outward appearance reflects how a person feels/views themselves
Socioeconomic: ability to pursaches
Health beliefs: understanding that hygiene practices relate to state of health
Cultural variables: hygiene routine varies within cultures
Physical condition: pain

Question 5

name the rules of bathing a patient

Answer 5

privacy, safety, warmth, independance, organized

Question 6

what is the defense system?

Answer 6

physical barrier, immune system, warmth, independence, organization

Question 7

what are the functions of the skin

Answer 7

protection
prevention
perception
temperature regulation
wound repair
production of VD

Question 8

describe protection

Answer 8

minimize injury from physical chemicals

Question 9

describe prevention

Answer 9

prevents water loss within the body

Question 10

describe perception

Answer 10

vast sensory for touch and pain

Question 11

describe temperature regulation

Answer 11

skin allows heat dissipation through sweat glands and heat shortage

Question 12

what are the protective function of mucous membrane

Answer 12

1) respiratory tract
2) mouth
3) urinary tract
4) gastrointestinal tract
5) vagina

Question 13

explain cultural consideration

Answer 13

be aware of normal biocultural difference and know unique sign & symptom that are important for people with dark skin.

Question 14

describe melanin

Answer 14

helps against harmful ultraviolet lights

Question 15

describe melanoma

Answer 15

lower chance of skin cancer

Question 16

what are tips for assessing dark skin?

Answer 16

use natural light for skin color changes. There are areas that are lighter in colour which are easier to asses

Question 17

examples for assessing dark skin

Answer 17

1)conjunctiva is vascular and shows if person is pallor (eyes should be pink)
2) sclera of eyes (show jaundice)
3) listen to family comments about colour change
4) paplate surface for erythmia
5) be aware of normal variations to hyperpigmented skin

Question 18

name skin disorders

Answer 18

vitiligo, keloid scarring, albinism

Question 19

describe pallor

Answer 19

white- no pink. May look grey on dark skin

Question 20

describe erythema

Answer 20

red-sunburn or inflammation. Difficult to see on dark skin

Question 21

describe cyanosis

Answer 21

blue= oxygenation shortage. Nail bed.

Question 22

describe jaundice

Answer 22

yellow stain on skin

Question 23

describe hypothermia

Answer 23

skin too cold

Question 24

describe hyperthermia

Answer 24

skin too hot

Question 25

describe perspiration

Answer 25

normal response to activity

Question 26

describe dehydration

Answer 26

skin cracked

Question 27

diaphoresis

Answer 27

heavy perspiring

Question 28

name the steps of what the nurse begins their inspection

Answer 28

1) skin assessment
2) temperature
3) moisture
4) texture
5) thickness
6) turgor/mobility
7) mucous membranes
8) sensory
9) hair
10) nails
11) overall cleanliness

Question 29

describe turgor

Answer 29

normal skin returns when pinched

Question 30

where to inspect membranes for any pain and colour

Answer 30

nose, eyes, vagina, mouth

Question 31

what is alopecia

Answer 31

hair loss due to malnutrition, chemo

Question 32

what do you assess for hair?

Answer 32

scalp and hair and to see if you are free of lessions

Question 33

explain what to see when assessing nails

Answer 33

if the skin around nail is smooth, note the color and shape and cleanliness

Question 34

explain what to see when assessing overall cleanliness

Answer 34

body odor, teeth brushed

Question 35

what are the 4 major causes in skin assessment

Answer 35

environmental factors
integrity of other components
learned behaviors
developmental age common skin problems

Question 36

describe the environmental factors

Answer 36

internal= increased body temperature = exercise, fever, anxiety

external= temp extremes= sun exposure, soap, urine

Question 37

describe integrity of other components

Answer 37

if there is a problem w a part of body= it is related with something else

Question 38

describe learned behaviors

Answer 38

proper hygiene practices, effective oral hygiene, eating a well-balanced diet, protection from sunlight

Question 39

describe developmental stage common skin problems

Answer 39

babies= prone to dehydration
adolescents= acne
Elderly= dryness

Question 40

name the elderly higher risk of disease

Answer 40

1) thinning of the skin
2) decrease in vascularity
3) wound healing
4) environmental trauma
5) socioeconomic
6)lifestyle & chances of immobility

Question 41

what to do as nurse to do hygiene w client

Answer 41

• maintain privacy & warmth

-nurse needs excellent communication/ observation skills (places client at ease and manage to do head to toe assessment)

-enhance the relationship (provides opportunity to interact and focus on the patient’s needs)