cardiac

Question 1

what are vital signs?

Answer 1

temperature
pulse
respiratory rate
blood pressure
oxygen saturation

Question 2

what is a pulse?

Answer 2

a heartbeat as 2 parts. Lubb and Dubb

Question 3

explain lubb and dubb

Answer 3

lubb= upper chambers of the heart contract
dubb= lower chambers of the heart contract

Question 4

the blood from each contraction produces what?

Answer 4

a bulge artery and then pulse and then a heartbeat

Question 5

how to measure pulse rate

Answer 5

wash hands, locate the pulse, choose appropriate site and note : rate, rythm, quality

Question 6

true or false: if pulse is regular, count for 60seconds
and if its irregular count for 30 seconds and double it

Answer 6

false

Question 7

What is the normal adult pulse?

Answer 7

60-100 bpm

Question 8

what are the appropriate sites

Answer 8

Carotide, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, posterior tibial, popiteal

Question 9

what is apical pulse?

Answer 9

point of maximal impulse or the true pulse

Question 10

how do we locate apical pulse?

Answer 10

• ascultated w stethoscopes
• apex located on the left side between 5th and 6th ribs, mid clavicular line
• below left nipple (MEN) and below left breast (female)
• hear for the LUBB and DUBB
• louder sound of lubb is counted
• do for 1 min

Question 11

define pulse deficit

Answer 11

when the heart is too weak to send blood to the peripheral arteries : abnormal speed/ rythmn& circulatory problems

• difference between apical and radial
  ex: apical = 110 and radial= 80

110-80=30

Question 12

what is abnormal heart rythm

Answer 12

arrythmia

Question 13

name of pulse rate below 60 bpm (athlete,cold,emotions)

Answer 13

bradycardia

Question 14

name of pulse rate higher 100 bpm (exercise,fever, pain)

Answer 14

tachycardia

Question 15

explain blood pressure

Answer 15

force created by the blood pushing agaisnt the artery walls

Question 16

what do you need to do blood pressure

Answer 16

cuff blood pressure, right size cuff, stetoscope

Question 17

what is the procedure of blood pressure

Answer 17

-palpate radial or brachial artery
-note reading at which pulse disappears
-continue to inflate 30mmHg
- deflate cuff slowly and note when pulse is felt/disappears
- complete and wait for 30 minutes

Question 18

explain auscultatory

Answer 18

sounds may disappear all together for a short period of time

Question 19

procedure of ascultatory/korotkoff

Answer 19

phase 1: first appearance of faint and clear tapping sounds that gradually increase for 2 consecutive beats (systolic)

phase 2: sounds soften and acquire a swishing quality

phase 3: return of sharper sounds (crisper to regain)

phase 4: muffling sounds: becomes soft and blowing in quality

phase 5: all sounds disappear completely (diastolic pressure)

Question 20

what is blood pressure normal adult

Answer 20

BP= 120/80

Question 21

what is hypertension normal adult

Answer 21

140-159/90-99

Question 22

what is hypotension adult normal

Answer 22

< 90 systolic

Question 23

does the position changes the blood pressure?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

when does blood pressure drops

Answer 24

within 3 min of standing

Question 25

what are the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

Answer 25

dizzy, faint, blurred vision

Question 26

major cause for changes in blood pressure measurements

Answer 26

-age: increases with age
-ethnicity: south asian, black = higher BP
-gender: minor variances
-daily variation: lower during sleep
-medications: cardiac meds
-others: smoking