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infection control lab Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an infection?

A

Disease entering the cell (pathogen/bacteria)

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2
Q

Infection control measures aim at

A

Protecting patients and healthcare workers

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3
Q

How do we control the spread of infectious agents?

A
  1. Reduce the number of infectious agents
  2. Control or eliminate reservoirs
  3. Control the portal of exit
  4. Control of transmission
  5. Control the portal of entry
  6. Protect the susceptible host
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4
Q

What is Asepsis?

A

Is the process of keeping away disease(producing microorganisms)

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5
Q

What is an aseptic technique?

A

A procedure used to reduce and prevent the spread of disease within pts and healthcare workers

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6
Q

Which are the two types of aseptic techniques?

A
  1. Medical asepsis (clean technique) hand hygiene, gloves.
  2. Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
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7
Q

Control or eliminate the number of infectious agents

A
  1. Cleaning-soap water
  2. Disinfection-disinfectant/antiseptic
  3. Sterilization-destroys ALL microorganisms
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8
Q

Control or elimination or reservoirs

A

-controlling sources of bodily fluids, drainage
-disposal of infectious/contaminated waste
-contaminated needles “sharps”
-bottled solutions

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9
Q

Control of portals of exit

A

-teach the client to protect others when sneezing and coughing
-nurse with a cold should stay home
-wear gloves when handling fluids

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10
Q

Control of transmission: How are infectious agents transmitted

A
  1. Contact
  2. droplet
  3. droplet-contact
  4. airborne (transported by air)
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11
Q

The most basic technique for preventing the transmission of infections?

A

Hand washing/hand hygiene

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12
Q

When is handwashing mandatory?

A

-When caring for a pt with Clostridium difficile (C-Diff)
-hands visibly soiled(dirty)

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13
Q

hand washing or hand sanitizer

A
  1. before and after direct contact with client and client
    surroundings
  2. when moving from a contaminated body site to a clean site
  3. after contact with body fluids, mucous membranes, etc
  4. before putting on clean/sterile gloves
  5. after removing sterile/clean gloves
  6. before an invasive procedure
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14
Q

PPE

A

Personal protective equipment (gloves, mask, and gown)

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15
Q

Can we wear PPE with each patient?

A

NO, change with each patient.

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16
Q

Isolation Guidelines (two-tier system)

A

Tier 1 => Routine practices
Tier 2 => Isolation Precautions

17
Q

Isolation guidelines are applicable when a worker might be exposed to:

A

-blood
-all body fluids (except sweat)
-non-intact skin
-mucous membrane

18
Q

Tier 1-Routine practices includes:

A

-Hand hygiene
-appropriate use of PPE (gown, gloves, mask, eyewear)
-dedicated equipment: clients should not share care items (urinals, bedpans)

19
Q

Tier 2- Isolation Precautions

A

Additional precautions designed for clients with highly transmissible pathogens

20
Q

Contact Precautions

A
  1. Hand hygiene (before and after client contact)
  2. private room or cohort clients
  3. the door can be open
  4. gloves and gown upon entering the room
  5. limit client movement outside the room
  6. dedicated equipment when possible, discarding care items
  7. appropriately, cleaning and disinfecting equipment before removal from the isolation room
21
Q

Droplet precaution

A
  1. Hand hygiene (before and after)
  2. Mask
  3. single room or cohort (group) of patients
  4. a door can remain open if the bed is more than 2 meters from the door
  5. a client should wear mask if leaving the room for a test or procedure
  6. consider eye protection if in close contact with the client and
    splashing is possible
22
Q

Droplet-Contact precautions

A

Hand hygiene (before and after)
single room or groups of patients

23
Q

Airborne precautions (measles, tuberculosis , varicella)

A
  1. Hand hygiene (before and after)
  2. N95 mask
  3. private room
  4. negative pressure room
  5. dedicated equipment
  6. client should be confined to room as much as possible (transport should be minimal)
24
Q

Control of Portal of entry

A
  1. maintain skin integrity (prevent breaks in the skin)
  2. Promoting good peri-care (cleaning the perineum properly after using the bathroom)
  3. aseptic technique for invasive procedures such as foley (catheter insertion, IV insertion, wound care)
25
Q

Protection of susceptible host

A
  1. follow routine practices and isolation guidelines
  2. protect normal defense mechanisms (skin and mucous membrane as well as vaccination)
  3. maintain healing processes-proper nutrition, hydration, sleep, and minimal stress.
26
Q

Client rooms

A
  1. Daily cleaning of surfaces in the room by hospital policy (done by cleaning staff)
  2. Every hospital has a protocol for cleaning the room after pt is discharged.
27
Q

Immunization (for healthcare workers) (idk if this one is important)

A

Hepatitis B; Flu vaccine; Covid vaccine; Others may
be required if an outbreak occurs ex. Meningitis,
Chicken Pox/Herpes Zoster

nursing (22 decks)

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