Respiratory 1 Flashcards
what are the 6 functions of respiratory system
- provide oxygen and eliminate CO2
- protects against infection
- regulates blood pH
- production of speech
- olfaction
- reservoir for blood
what makes up the upper airways
nasal and oral cavities, pharynx and larynx
true or false - CNS is part of the respiratory system
true - parts that regulate respiration
is this structure made of smooth, cartilage, or both
trachea and primary bronchi
C shape cartilage and smooth muscle
is this structure made of smooth, cartilage, or both
bronchi
cartilage and smooth muscle
is this structure made of smooth, cartilage, or both
bronchioles and terminal bronchioles
smooth muscle
which zone is associated with the actual exchange of gas
respiratory zone
the ______ zone leads the gas to the gas exchanging region
conducting
what is anatomical dead space
no alveoli and no gas exchange
which part of the lunch houses the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
alveoli
which type of cells produce surfactant
type 2 cells
what is surfactant
a substance made up of lipoproteins that reduces the surface tension of alveolar fluid
true or false - type 1 cells do not divide
true
how do type 2 cells act as progenitor cells
when there is injury to type 1 cells, type 2 cells will multiply and become type 1 cells that were lost
what can pass through capillaries
red blood cells
transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs by _____ (active transport or diffusion)
diffusion
which pump muscles help with inspiration
diaphragm -> external intercostals, parasternal
which airway muscles help with inspiration
tongue protruders, muscles around airways
tongue portruders are also known as
genioglossus
what are the accessory muscles in respiration
sternocleidomastoid, scalene and pectoralis
which pump muscles help with expiration
abdominal -> internal intercostals
define the function of the diaphragm
dome shaped muscle that flattens during inspiration -> increases the volume of the thorax
true or false - the external intercostal muscles pull the rib cage downwards
false - they pull the ribs upwards
what kind of motion do the external intercostals make
bucket handle motion
what do the parasternal intercostal muscles do
contract and pull sternum
what are the 4 muscles of expiration
external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominus and transversus abdominus
match the function to the accessory muscle
elevates all the ribs
pectoralis
match the function to the accessory muscle
raises the sternum
sternocleidomastoid
match the function to the accessory muscle
elevates upper ribs
scalenes
what does CPAP stand for
continuous positive airway pressure
what is the function of ciliated cells
entrap inhaled biological and inert particulates and remove them
