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PHYSL 200 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three functions of the ANS

A

homeostasis, emergency responses, housekeeping functions

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2
Q

what is an example of housekeeping functions

A

digestion

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3
Q

true or false - the central nervous system contains the brain and spinal nerves

A

false - it contains spinal cord and brain

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4
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12

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5
Q

cranial nerves are a bundle of ___

A

axons

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6
Q

C1-C8 includes the

a) chest and upper abdomen
b) neck, shoulders, arms
c) genitals and digestive tract

A

a

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7
Q

L1-L5 includes
a)tailbone
b)chest and upper abdomen
c)lower abdomen and legs

A

c

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8
Q

what part of the spinal cord includes the genitals and digestive tract

A

S1-S5

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9
Q

true or false - ganglions are inside the CNS

A

false - they are outside

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10
Q

what are the features of an efferent neuron in the somatic nervous system

A

it is a single neuron, single target, single synapse and always excitatory

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11
Q

list the comparisons between somatic and autonomic nervous systems in relation to
control
effector organ
response
efferent pathway
Neurotransmitter
myelination

A

somatic :
voluntary
always excitatory
one neuron
ACh
myelinated fibre

autonomic
involuntary
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
excitatory or inhibitory
two neuron chain connected by a ganglion
ACh, norepinephrine, epinephrine
myelinated preganglionic fibres and unmyelinated post ganglionic fibres

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12
Q

in the parasympathetic NS, where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic fibres

A

cranial nerve 3,7,11, and 10
sacral

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13
Q

where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic fibres in the sympathetic NS

A

thoracic and lumbar

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14
Q

what kind of neurons does the dorsal root carry

A

sensory neurons

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15
Q

what kind of neurons does the ventral root carry

A

motor neurons

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16
Q

what are the two names given to the ganglion anterior to the vertebral column

A

collateral or prevertebral

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17
Q

what does the collateral ganglions contain

A

celiac, super mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglions

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18
Q

where is the sympathetic trunk located

A

it is parallel to the spinal cord which is why it is called the paravertebral ganglion

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19
Q

what are the options as to where the preganglionic fibre can synapse to

A
  1. synapse immediately with a post ganglionic neuron in the sympathetic ganglion
    - sweat glands, blood vessels and muscles
  2. travel up or down the chain so that it can synapse at ganglion at different levels
    - eyes, salivary glands, lungs, heart, esophagus
  3. no synapse, continue to collateral ganglion as the splanchnic nerve
    - liver, spleen. intestine, adrenal glands, repro organs, bladder
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20
Q

what is the difference between white and grey rami

A

white rami - myelinated preganglionic fibres leaves the spinal nerve to enter a sympathetic ganglion

grey rami - unmyelinated post ganglionic fibres leave the ganglion to enter the spinal nerve

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21
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

eye

A

dilation of pupil

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22
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

cardiovascular

A

increase heart rate

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23
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

arteries and veins

A

constriction

24
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

skeletal muscle

A

relaxation

25
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

lungs

A

inhibition of mucus secretion and dilation of bronchioles

26
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

digestive tract

A

slow digestion

27
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

endocrine glands and adrenal medulla

A

increase of epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion

28
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

exocrine glands

A

stimulation of secretions of saliva and sweat

29
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

bladder

A

prevent urination

30
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

genitals

A

male emision
uterus contraction

31
Q

what are the two hormones that the adrenal medulla releases

A

mostly epinephrine , a little norepinephrine

32
Q

what kind of neurons is the adrenal medulla innervated by

A

sympathetic preganglionic neurons

33
Q

where does the parasympathetic nervous system originate in

A

brainstem and sacral regions

34
Q

list the cranial nerves involved in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

35
Q

what is the site where the preganglionic nerve fibres terminate in the parasympathetic pathway

A

the terminal ganglion situated on the innervated organ

36
Q

name the parasympathetic response of the following organ

eyes

A

constriction of pupil

37
Q

name the parasympathetic response of the following organ

cardiovascular

A

decrease heart rate

38
Q

name the parasympathetic response of the following organ

lungs

A

constriction of bronchioles ; increase mucus secretion

39
Q

name the parasympathetic response of the following organ

digestive tract

A

increased digestion activity

40
Q

name the parasympathetic response of the following organ

endocrine glands

A

nothing

41
Q

name the parasympathetic response of the following organ

exocrine glands

A

only salivary glands stimulate increase in saliva

no effect on sweat glands

42
Q

name the parasympathetic response of the following organ

bladder

A

increased urination

43
Q

name the parasympathetic response of the following organ

genitals

A

erection and dilation

44
Q

what is the name given to the chains of swelling along sympathetic or parasympathetic postganglionic fibres

A

varicosities

45
Q

what is the functions of varicosities

A

they contain synaptic vesicles that release neurotransmitters

46
Q

what are the transmitters involved in the ANS

A

ACh and norepinephrine

47
Q

noradrenergic is to norepinephrine as cholinergic is to ___

A

ACh

48
Q

what are the series of events at a cholinergic nerve terminal

A
  1. action potential
  2. opens the voltage gated calcium channels
  3. acetyl CoA and choline combine to make ACh
  4. ACh gets packaged into vesicles
  5. calcium enters the cell, initiating the release of the vesicles
  6. ACh is then released through exocytosis out of the membrane
  7. binds to the cholinergic receptor
49
Q

how is ACh broken down

A

through acetylcholinesterase which breaks down ACh into choline and acetate
- choline goes back into the cell to be re used
- acetate gets diffused and broken down

50
Q

what are the series of events at a noradrenergic varicosity

A
  1. tyrosine diffuses into the cells
  2. is converted into DOPA
  3. dopamine
  4. dopamine is converted into norepinephrine and into vesicles
  5. action potential is triggers which allows calcium to go into the cell
  6. with the use of calcium, norepinephrine is released from vesicles
  7. binds to noradrenergic receptors
51
Q

what does DOPA stand for

A

dihydroxyphenylalanine

52
Q

what are the two types of cholinergic receptors

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

53
Q

which is the odd one out

the integrating centers of the autonomic reflexes are the spinal card, hippocampus and medulla oblongata

A

hypothalamus not hippocampus

54
Q

difference between convergence and divergence

A

convergence - many presynaptic neurons synapse at one postsynaptic neuron

divergence - a few presynaptic neurons synapse with many postsynaptic neurons

55
Q

true or false - the sympathetic nervous system exhibits a greater degree of convergence than the parasympathetic system

A

false - it exhibits greater divergence

56
Q

true or false - the parasympathetic NS is more specific in terms of synapses than sympathetic

A

true because it exhibits greater convergence - only synapse at one postsynaptic neuron

PHYSL 200 (17 decks)

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