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PHYSL 200 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

what are the three functions of the ANS

A

homeostasis, emergency responses, housekeeping functions

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2
Q

what is an example of housekeeping functions

A

digestion

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3
Q

true or false - the central nervous system contains the brain and spinal nerves

A

false - it contains spinal cord and brain

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4
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12

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5
Q

cranial nerves are a bundle of ___

A

axons

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6
Q

C1-C8 includes the

a) chest and upper abdomen
b) neck, shoulders, arms
c) genitals and digestive tract

A

a

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7
Q

L1-L5 includes
a)tailbone
b)chest and upper abdomen
c)lower abdomen and legs

A

c

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8
Q

what part of the spinal cord includes the genitals and digestive tract

A

S1-S5

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9
Q

true or false - ganglions are inside the CNS

A

false - they are outside

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10
Q

what are the features of an efferent neuron in the somatic nervous system

A

it is a single neuron, single target, single synapse and always excitatory

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11
Q

list the comparisons between somatic and autonomic nervous systems in relation to
control
effector organ
response
efferent pathway
Neurotransmitter
myelination

A

somatic :
voluntary
always excitatory
one neuron
ACh
myelinated fibre

autonomic
involuntary
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
excitatory or inhibitory
two neuron chain connected by a ganglion
ACh, norepinephrine, epinephrine
myelinated preganglionic fibres and unmyelinated post ganglionic fibres

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12
Q

in the parasympathetic NS, where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic fibres

A

cranial nerve 3,7,11, and 10
sacral

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13
Q

where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic fibres in the sympathetic NS

A

thoracic and lumbar

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14
Q

what kind of neurons does the dorsal root carry

A

sensory neurons

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15
Q

what kind of neurons does the ventral root carry

A

motor neurons

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16
Q

what are the two names given to the ganglion anterior to the vertebral column

A

collateral or prevertebral

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17
Q

what does the collateral ganglions contain

A

celiac, super mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglions

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18
Q

where is the sympathetic trunk located

A

it is parallel to the spinal cord which is why it is called the paravertebral ganglion

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19
Q

what are the options as to where the preganglionic fibre can synapse to

A
  1. synapse immediately with a post ganglionic neuron in the sympathetic ganglion
    - sweat glands, blood vessels and muscles
  2. travel up or down the chain so that it can synapse at ganglion at different levels
    - eyes, salivary glands, lungs, heart, esophagus
  3. no synapse, continue to collateral ganglion as the splanchnic nerve
    - liver, spleen. intestine, adrenal glands, repro organs, bladder
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20
Q

what is the difference between white and grey rami

A

white rami - myelinated preganglionic fibres leaves the spinal nerve to enter a sympathetic ganglion

grey rami - unmyelinated post ganglionic fibres leave the ganglion to enter the spinal nerve

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21
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

eye

A

dilation of pupil

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22
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

cardiovascular

A

increase heart rate

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23
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

arteries and veins

24
Q

name the sympathetic response of the following organ

skeletal muscle

25
name the sympathetic response of the following organ lungs
inhibition of mucus secretion and dilation of bronchioles
26
name the sympathetic response of the following organ digestive tract
slow digestion
27
name the sympathetic response of the following organ endocrine glands and adrenal medulla
increase of epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion
28
name the sympathetic response of the following organ exocrine glands
stimulation of secretions of saliva and sweat
29
name the sympathetic response of the following organ bladder
prevent urination
30
name the sympathetic response of the following organ genitals
male emision uterus contraction
31
what are the two hormones that the adrenal medulla releases
mostly epinephrine , a little norepinephrine
32
what kind of neurons is the adrenal medulla innervated by
sympathetic preganglionic neurons
33
where does the parasympathetic nervous system originate in
brainstem and sacral regions
34
list the cranial nerves involved in the parasympathetic nervous system
oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve
35
what is the site where the preganglionic nerve fibres terminate in the parasympathetic pathway
the terminal ganglion situated on the innervated organ
36
name the parasympathetic response of the following organ eyes
constriction of pupil
37
name the parasympathetic response of the following organ cardiovascular
decrease heart rate
38
name the parasympathetic response of the following organ lungs
constriction of bronchioles ; increase mucus secretion
39
name the parasympathetic response of the following organ digestive tract
increased digestion activity
40
name the parasympathetic response of the following organ endocrine glands
nothing
41
name the parasympathetic response of the following organ exocrine glands
only salivary glands stimulate increase in saliva no effect on sweat glands
42
name the parasympathetic response of the following organ bladder
increased urination
43
name the parasympathetic response of the following organ genitals
erection and dilation
44
what is the name given to the chains of swelling along sympathetic or parasympathetic postganglionic fibres
varicosities
45
what is the functions of varicosities
they contain synaptic vesicles that release neurotransmitters
46
what are the transmitters involved in the ANS
ACh and norepinephrine
47
noradrenergic is to norepinephrine as cholinergic is to ___
ACh
48
what are the series of events at a cholinergic nerve terminal
1. action potential 2. opens the voltage gated calcium channels 3. acetyl CoA and choline combine to make ACh 4. ACh gets packaged into vesicles 5. calcium enters the cell, initiating the release of the vesicles 6. ACh is then released through exocytosis out of the membrane 7. binds to the cholinergic receptor
49
how is ACh broken down
through acetylcholinesterase which breaks down ACh into choline and acetate - choline goes back into the cell to be re used - acetate gets diffused and broken down
50
what are the series of events at a noradrenergic varicosity
1. tyrosine diffuses into the cells 2. is converted into DOPA 3. dopamine 4. dopamine is converted into norepinephrine and into vesicles 5. action potential is triggers which allows calcium to go into the cell 6. with the use of calcium, norepinephrine is released from vesicles 7. binds to noradrenergic receptors
51
what does DOPA stand for
dihydroxyphenylalanine
52
what are the two types of cholinergic receptors
nicotinic and muscarinic
53
which is the odd one out the integrating centers of the autonomic reflexes are the spinal card, hippocampus and medulla oblongata
hypothalamus not hippocampus
54
difference between convergence and divergence
convergence - many presynaptic neurons synapse at one postsynaptic neuron divergence - a few presynaptic neurons synapse with many postsynaptic neurons
55
true or false - the sympathetic nervous system exhibits a greater degree of convergence than the parasympathetic system
false - it exhibits greater divergence
56
true or false - the parasympathetic NS is more specific in terms of synapses than sympathetic
true because it exhibits greater convergence - only synapse at one postsynaptic neuron

PHYSL 200 (17 decks)

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