GI 3 Flashcards
what is involved in the chemical breakdown of food
pepsinogen -> converted to pepsin (protein digesting enzyme)
HCl -> dissolves food and sterilization of food
_____ is required for normal red blood cell formation
vitamin B12
the secretion of what is critical for the absorption of vitamin B12
intrinsic factor
what is the main difference in secretions between the fundus and antrum
antrum secretes gastrin and the fundus secretes HCl
true or false - mucous is a major exocrine secretion
true
true or false - somatostatin stimulates HCl production
false - it inhibits it
other than mucous, what are the two other major exocrine secretions
HCl and pepsinogen
which cells secrete gastrin
enteroendocrine cells
which cells secrete pepsinogen
chief cells
which cells secrete somatostatin
D cells
which cells secrete histamine
enterochromaffin like cells
______ aka oxyntic cells
parietal cells
what is the importance of parietal cells
HCl and intrinsic factor
what is the name of the structure that increases the surface area of parietal cells
canaliculus
true or false - the lumen has a pH of 1
true
explain how H+/K+ is involved in the acidification of the stomach
pumps H+ into lumen in exchange for K+ into the cell -> active transport
true or false - Cl/HCO3 exchanger is a primary active transport
false - secondary active transport
true or false - pepsin is only activated at low pH
true
choose the correct activation sequence
a) pepsin -> pepsinogen
b) pepsinogen -> pepsin
b
what are the phases of gastric secretion
- cephalic
- gastric
- intestinal
out of the four chemical messengers that are involved in acid secretion… which one inhibits acid secretion
somatostatin
parasympathetic input is from
a) cepahlic phase
b) gastric phase
c) intestinal phase
a
what is ulcers caused by
imbalance between aggressive factors and protective factors
NSAIDS
helicobacter pylori
stress
smoking
what is the treatments for ulcers
antibiotics, H/K ATPase inhibitor, histamine antagonist and prostaglandin drugs
