GI 3

Question 1

what is involved in the chemical breakdown of food

Answer 1

pepsinogen -> converted to pepsin (protein digesting enzyme)
HCl -> dissolves food and sterilization of food

Question 2

_____ is required for normal red blood cell formation

Answer 2

vitamin B12

Question 3

the secretion of what is critical for the absorption of vitamin B12

Answer 3

intrinsic factor

Question 4

what is the main difference in secretions between the fundus and antrum

Answer 4

antrum secretes gastrin and the fundus secretes HCl

Question 5

true or false - mucous is a major exocrine secretion

Answer 5

true

Question 6

true or false - somatostatin stimulates HCl production

Answer 6

false - it inhibits it

Question 7

other than mucous, what are the two other major exocrine secretions

Answer 7

HCl and pepsinogen

Question 8

which cells secrete gastrin

Answer 8

enteroendocrine cells

Question 9

which cells secrete pepsinogen

Answer 9

chief cells

Question 10

which cells secrete somatostatin

Answer 10

D cells

Question 11

which cells secrete histamine

Answer 11

enterochromaffin like cells

Question 12

______ aka oxyntic cells

Answer 12

parietal cells

Question 13

what is the importance of parietal cells

Answer 13

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 14

what is the name of the structure that increases the surface area of parietal cells

Answer 14

canaliculus

Question 15

true or false - the lumen has a pH of 1

Answer 15

true

Question 16

explain how H+/K+ is involved in the acidification of the stomach

Answer 16

pumps H+ into lumen in exchange for K+ into the cell -> active transport

Question 17

true or false - Cl/HCO3 exchanger is a primary active transport

Answer 17

false - secondary active transport

Question 18

true or false - pepsin is only activated at low pH

Answer 18

true

Question 19

choose the correct activation sequence

a) pepsin -> pepsinogen
b) pepsinogen -> pepsin

Answer 19

b

Question 20

what are the phases of gastric secretion

Answer 20

1. cephalic
2. gastric
3. intestinal

Question 21

out of the four chemical messengers that are involved in acid secretion… which one inhibits acid secretion

Answer 21

somatostatin

Question 22

parasympathetic input is from
a) cepahlic phase
b) gastric phase
c) intestinal phase

Answer 22

a

Question 23

what is ulcers caused by

Answer 23

imbalance between aggressive factors and protective factors
NSAIDS
helicobacter pylori
stress
smoking

Question 24

what is the treatments for ulcers

Answer 24

antibiotics, H/K ATPase inhibitor, histamine antagonist and prostaglandin drugs