Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHYSL 200 > GI 1 > Flashcards

GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the FOUR functions of the GI tract

A

digestion. absorption, excretion and host defence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does digested food go to after the intestine

A

blood or lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is excreted

A

non absorbable components of food, drugs, steroids, cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

true or false - the immune system of the GIT is highly developed

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what makes up the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pick the odd one out
-> the accessory organs are the pancreas, bladder and esophagus

A

esophagus -> liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the mucosa made up of

A

epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 4 structures of the GIT

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of junctions make up the epithelial layer

A

tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is the epithelial layer polarized

A

one surface is different compared to the other - basolateral and apical arrangement -> different transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the epithelial layer provides selective uptake of _______

A

nutrients, electrolytes and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can pass through tight junctions

A

water and small ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the lamina propria

A

made of connective tissue, small blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what kind of muscle is the muscularis mucosa made up of

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

true or false - muscularis mucosa is involved in contraction of the GIT

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

true or false - the submucosa is made up of connective tissue

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the similarities between submucosa and lamina propria

A

made up of connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the importance of the submucosa

A

contains nerve cell bodies that relay information to and away from the mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which part of the GI tract regulates muscle function

A

the muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how are the fibres in the inner and outer layer of muscle in the muscularis externa oriented

A

inner layer - fibres oriented to cause narrowing of lumen
outer layer - fibres oriented to shorten tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the serosa

A

made up of connective tissue, covers the intestine and forms a connection point to the abdominal wall

22
Q

how does the blood flow to the liver

A

through the portal vein

23
Q

what are the two purposes for the portal circulation

A

remove wastes and process nutrients

24
Q

true or false - the liver receives a lot of oxygenated blood

A

false - it carries more nutrient rich blood and less oxygenated blood

25
Q

what are the 4 ways the GI reflexes are initiated

A
  1. distension of wall
  2. pH of contents
  3. osmolarity
  4. concentration of digestion contents
26
Q

what are the three receptors important to the GIT

A

mechano, osmo and chemo

27
Q

what is the name of the two nerve networks in the GI process

A

myenteric and submucosal plexus

28
Q

true or false - the submucosal plexus influences the smooth muscle

A

false - it influences secretion

29
Q

true or false - the myenteric plexus influences smooth muscle

A

true

30
Q

match the description to the correct chemical messenger

hormone secreting gland cell -> target cells in one or more distant places in the body

A

endocrine

31
Q

how do the autocrine chemical messengers work

A

autocrine substance acts on same cell that secreted the substance

32
Q

how do paracrine chemical messengers work

A

target cells in close proximity to site of the release of paracrine substance

33
Q

name the four GI hormones

A

secretin, CCK, gastrin and glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

34
Q

true or false - most GI hormones affect only one type of target cell

A

false - they affect more than one type

35
Q

what are the functions of CCK

A

stimulates pancreas to increase digestive enzyme secretion and gall bladder contraction

36
Q

describe the negative feedback control system of CCK

A

fatty acids and amino acids triggers secretion of CCK into blood -> absorption of fatty acids and AAs which stops secretion of CCK

37
Q

match the major release site to the major hormone

gastrin

A

stomach antrum / G cells

38
Q

match the major release site to the major hormone

secretin

A

small intestine

39
Q

match the major release site to the major hormone

CCK

A

small intestine / I cells

40
Q

match the major release site to the major hormone

Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

A

small intestine / K cells

41
Q

gastrin -> increase or decrease motility/HCl

A

increase HCl and motility

42
Q

secretin -> increase or decrease motility/HCl

A

decrease HCl and motility

43
Q

CCK -> increase or decrease motility/HCl

A

decrease HCl and motility

44
Q

what is the major action of GIP

A

increases insulin

45
Q

what causes the movement of contents of the stomach

A

contraction and relaxation of the two outer smooth muscle layers of the GIT

46
Q

explain pacemaker cells

A

-> found in the GIT
-> constantly undergoing spontaneous depolarization/repolarization cycles

47
Q

the slow waves of the pacemaker cells are the _________

A

basic electrical rhythm

48
Q

what kind of neurotransmitters further depolarize the membrane

A

excitatory neurotransmitters

49
Q

how is the frequency of contraction maintained

A

through the basic electrical rhythm

50
Q

true or false - the number of action potentials fired is proportional to the force of contraction

A

true

PHYSL 200 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions