Respiration TOPIC 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of respiration

A
  • aerobic
  • anaerobic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define respiration

A

the process of treansferring energy from glucose to other molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the respiration basically

A

a series of exothermic reactions ocuring continuously in all living cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does most respiration take place

A

inside the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

for aerobic repsiration what must be present

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the main purpose of repiration

A

energy release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the word equation for respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the chemical equation for respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 602 -> 6CO2 + 6H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do organisms need energy for

A
  • chemical reactions to build larger molecules from smaller ones
  • to enable the mucles to contract
  • to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings
  • move mineral ions from the soil into the root hair cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the waste products of respiration

A
  • carbon dioxide
  • water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is respiration controlled by

A

different enzymes - biological catalysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the number of mitochondria in a cell tell you

A

how active the cell is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how are the mitochrondria adapted for aerobic respiration

A

have a folded inner membrane to provide a larger surface area for the enzymes involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do muscles store glucose as

A

the carbohydrate glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration

A

glucose -> lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which produces more energy: anaerobic or aerobic respriation

A

aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when does anaerobic respiration occur

A

when there is insufficient oxygen avaliable to meet the oxygen demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

state 4 differences between the two ways to respire

A
  • less energy is released by anaerobic
  • no oxygen is used in anaerobic
  • lactic acid is formed as a waste product in anaerobic respiration
  • no carbon dioxide is produced in anaerobic respiration
19
Q

when does muscle fatigue occur and why

A

when lactic acid builds up in the muscles as a result of an oxygen debt - causing the muscle to stop contracting efficiently

20
Q

what happens to lactic acid once the oxygen debt is payed

A
  • lactic acid diffuses out of muscles into the plasma
  • plasma carries it to the liver
  • liver converts 1/5 to glucose and 4/5 to glycogen
  • glycogen is stored in muscle cell for future use
21
Q

do animals and palnts anaerobically respire the same

22
Q

what is the word equation for fermentation (anaeroic in plants)

A

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

23
Q

when may plants need to respire anaerobically

A
  • if the soil is waterlogged
  • no access to carbon dioxide
24
Q

what changes occur in the body during exercise

A
  • heart rate increases
  • breathing rate increases
  • depth of breathing increases
  • vasodilation of arterioles supplying skeletal muscles and surface of the skin occurs
25
what does the build up of lactic acid result in
- muscle fatigue - an oxygen debt
26
why are there changes in our bodies when we exercise
- supply more oxygen to skeletal muscles - supply more glucose to skeletal muscles - remove more CO2 from musclces - remove more lactic acid from muscles - remove more heat from muscles
27
what is the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called
fermentation
28
how can fermentation be used in manufacturing
- bread making - making alcoholic drinks
29
how is fermentation used in bread making
- the bubble of CO2 get trapped in the dough - cause dough to rise - ethanol evaporates when bread is baked
30
how iis fermentation used in alcoholic drinks
- the ethanol makes wine and beer alcoholic
31
is anaerobic respiration important economically
yes
32
name a molecule made from glucose in plants
- startch - cellulose
33
name a molecule made from glucose in animals
- glycogen
34
describe the components of a lipid molecule
glycerol + three fatty acids
35
describe how protein molecules are formed
- glucose combines with nitrate ions - form amino acids - combine to form proteins
36
what are carbohydates broken down into
simple sugars
37
what are proteins broken down into
amino acids
38
what are lipids broken down into
fatty acids + glycerol
39
describe how glucose from the small intestine is moved to a muscle cell
- glucose is absorbed into bloodstream - glucose is carried to muscles via blood
40
why does less respiration take place anaerobically
the glucose is not completely oxidised
41
what does lime water test for
carbon dioxide
42
which organism is used to produced ethanol in plants
yeast
43
where is lactic acid converted back to glucose
the liver
44
what substance controls all chemical reactions in organsims
enzymes