Ecosystmes TOPIC 7 Flashcards

1
Q

define ecology

A

the study of organisms and the environment in which they live in as well as how they both interact

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2
Q

define habitat

A

a natural home or environment of an animal, pan or other organism

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3
Q

define population

A

the total number of inhabitants in a particular place

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4
Q

define community

A

a group of species living in the same place

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5
Q

define ecosystem

A

the interaction betweeen a community of living and non-living parts of their environment

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6
Q

define interdependance

A

all the organisms in an ecosystem are dependant on each other to survive

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7
Q

define stable community

A

the species and environmental factors are in balance so population size remains relatively constant

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8
Q

what are the two types of competition

A
  • intraspecific competition
  • interspecific competition
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9
Q

what is itraspecific competition

A

competition between the same species

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10
Q

what is interspecific competition

A

competition between different species

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11
Q

what do plants compete for

A
  • light
  • space
  • mineral ions
  • water
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12
Q

what do animals compete for

A
  • food
  • water
  • territory
  • mates
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13
Q

what are abiotic factors

A

non-living factors (light intensity, temperature)

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14
Q

what are biotic factors

A

living factors (food availability, new predators)

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15
Q

what cna the change in an abiotic or biotic factor lead to

A

the increase or decrease in size of the popution in a community

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16
Q

what is a trophic level

A

a feeding stage within a food chain

17
Q

what trophic level are producers in

18
Q

what trophic level are tertiary consumers in

19
Q

what is biomass

A

the total amount of living material in an organism

20
Q

what do pyramids of biomass show

A

the amount of living material in each level of a food chain

21
Q

what happens to the energy at each step along the food chain

A

it decreases because of heat, bones etc

22
Q

how much of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

23
Q

wha are the reasons for loss of biomass

A
  • heat
  • energy used in repiration
  • not all ingested (bones and urine)
24
Q

what is interdependance shown in

25
explain a predator prey relationship
- if the population of prey increases then the population of predators will increase after a lag period - the increase in predators causes a decrease in prey - this then causes a decrease in number of prey available so predators decrease - the decrease means prey will increase
26
define adaptation
features whihc enable an organism to survive in the conditions in which they live in
27
what are the different types of adaptation
- structual = body structure - behavioural = behaviour (hibernation etc) - functional = internal chnages (urine levels)
28
what are extremophiles
organisms that live in very extreme conditions (high temp, high pressure, high salt concentration)