Enzymes TOPIC 2

Question 1

what is the order of the digestive system

Answer 1

• salivary gland
• oesophagus
• stomach
• liver
• gall bladder
• pancreas
• small intestine
• large intestine
• anus

Question 2

what is the function of te salivary glands

Answer 2

produce saliva to lubricate food and break down startch with amylase

Question 3

what is the function of the stomach

Answer 3

• produce protease (proteins -> amino acids)
• produce hdrochloric acid

Question 4

why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acid

Answer 4

• create optimum pH for the protease enzymes
• kill ingested pathogens

Question 5

what are the main organs where food is digested

Answer 5

• stomach
• small intestine

Question 6

what is physical digestion

Answer 6

food broken down physically by chewing or grinding in mounth or chruning in the stomach

Question 7

what is chemical digestion

Answer 7

food broken down chemically by enzymes with the help of bile in the case of fats

Question 8

what are the three enzymes produced by the pancrease

Answer 8

• carbohydrase
• protease
• lipase

Question 9

where are carbohydrases produced

Answer 9

• small intestine
• pancreas
• salivary glands

Question 10

where are lipases produced

Answer 10

• small intestine
• pancreas

Question 11

where are proteases produced

Answer 11

• small intestine
• pancrease
• stomach

Question 12

what do proteases break down

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

whta do lipases break down

Answer 13

lipids

Question 14

what are the products forms from the break down of carbohydrates by carbohydrase

Answer 14

Starch -> simple sugars

Question 15

what are the products forms from the break down of lipids by lipases

Answer 15

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

Question 16

what are the products forms from the break down of proteins by proteases

Answer 16

shorter protein chains and amino acidss

Question 17

what are the two types of metabolism

Answer 17

• anabolism
• catabolism

Question 18

define metabolism

Answer 18

the sum total of all the chemical reactions that are occuring in a cell or the body

Question 19

what is anabolism

Answer 19

reactions which build up larger molecules from smaller molecules

Question 20

what is catabolism

Answer 20

reactions which break down larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 21

how are metabolic reactions sped up

Answer 21

by enzymes

Question 22

in anabolic metabolism is a energy input required

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

in catabolic metabolism is an energy input required

Answer 23

not usually

Question 24

in anabolic metabolism is energy released from the reaction

Answer 24

no

Question 25

in catabolic metabolism is energy released from the reactions

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

give three examples of a anabolic metabolism reaction

Answer 26

- glucose + nitrate ions -> amino acids - many glucose molecules together -> cellulose or startch (in plants) or glycogen (in animals) - 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> 1 lipid

Question 27

give three examples of a catabolic metabolism reaction

Answer 27

- proteins -> amino acids - amino acids -> urea - startch / cellulsoe / glycogen -> glucose

Question 28

are proteins an example of a polymer

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

what is a polymer

Answer 29

a large molecule

Question 30

what is a catalyst

Answer 30

something which speeds up a reaction without being used up

Question 31

how do enzymes work

Answer 31

the substrate of the reactios to be catalysed fits into the active site of the enzyme - they bind together

Question 32

what are reactions affected by

Answer 32

- concerntration - temperature - surface area

Question 33

are enzymes biological catalysts

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

what is an enzyme

Answer 34

a specialised protein molecule with coil up inthe 3D shapes

Question 35

exaplain a substrate

Answer 35

- each enzyme allows one specific substrate tp bind to the active site - it has to be complementary

Question 36

why does temperature effect enzyme action

Answer 36

- slows rate of reaction - enzyme denatures = active site shape is lost

Question 37

why does pH effect enzyme actions

Answer 37

- denatured = active site chages shape

Question 38

how do you calculate rate of reactions

Answer 38

1000 / time

Question 39

what solution is used to test for sugar

Answer 39

benedict's solution

Question 40

what solution is used to test for startch

Answer 40

iodine solution

Question 41

what solution is used to test for proteins

Answer 41

biuret solution

Question 42

what solution is used to test for lipids

Answer 42

Sudan III solution

Question 43

what is the colour change for sugar

Answer 43

blue to brick red

Question 44

what is the colour change for startch

Answer 44

orange-brown to blue-black

Question 45

what is the colour change for proteins

Answer 45

blue to purple

Question 46

what colour change happenes for lipids

Answer 46

a red layer will form on the top of the solution