respiration system Flashcards
What is pulmonary ventilation also known as?
breathing
What are the steps of respiration?
pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration, and transport of oxygen and CO2
When we complete inspiration what happens?
air moves into the lungs
Where does external respiration occur?
lungs
What happens during external respiration?
oxygen diffuses out of the lungs into the blood, CO2 diffused into the lungs
What happens during internal respiration?
oxygen diffused into the cell tissue, CO2 diffused out of the tissue
Which system helps the respiratory system to transport oxygen?
cardiovascular system
Which order does the process of cellular respiration occur in?
pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport oxygen and CO2, internal respiration
Where does internal respiration occur?
cell tissue
Immediately after the bronchi
bronchioles
Immediately after the epiglottis
larynx
Immediately after the nasal cavity
pharynx
Immediately after the nasal cavity
pharynx
long tube that leads to the lungs; made of rings of cartilage
trachea
300 million air filled sacs in each lung
alveoli
covered in capillaries
alveoli
full of hair and mucus to trap microbes
nose
holds the vocal cords
larynx
hollow area behind your nose
nasal cavity
also known as your windpipe
trachea
another word for the throat
pharynx
not actually part of respiratory tract
diaphragm
sheet of skeletal muscle
diaphragm
closed when a person is swallowing
epiglottis
contracts and relaxes to cause inspiration and expiration
diaphragm
the exact site where oxygen enters the bloodstream and exits the air
alveoli
door at the top of the trachea
epiglottis
full of cilla with trap pathogens before entered the pharynx
nasal cavity
smaller branches inside the lungs
bronchioles
splits into the esophagus or the trachea
pharynx
the exact site where CO2 is produced
alveoli
flap of cartilage that prevents water or food from entering the trachea
epiglottis
the healthier location to breathe in through
nose
two branches that each enter a lung
bronchi
voice box
larynx
warms air up before it reaches your lungs
nasal cavity
which body cavities is the diaphragm between?
thoracic and abdominal
When the diaphragm relaxes what do the rib muscles do?
relax
When the diaphragm relaxes, what happens to the volume of the chest
cavity and lungs?
it decreases
When the diaphragm relaxes, what happens to the level of pressure in the
lungs?
it increase (there is high pressure in the lungs)
When the diaphragm relaxes, what is caused?
air is forced out of the lungs; expiration
The more activity your cells have….
the more oxygen you need and the faster you need to breathe
Which structure monitors the level of CO2 carried in the blood?
brain stem
As you increase your level of activity, what happens to the level of CO2 in the blood?
there is more CO2 in the blood
What best describes breathing rate?
it is mainly involuntary, but a person can override the system and control their own breathing rate
Air that enters the alveoli during inspiration is…
high in 02 and low in CO2
What does having high O2 levels and low CO2 levels cause?
02 diffuses out of the alveoli and into the blood; CO2 diffuses out of the blood and into the alveoli
Which is the proper pathway of 02 once it enters the alveoli?
air - alveolar membranes - capillary walls - blood
When CO2 arrives at the alveoli from the blood, what is its proper pathway?
blood - capillary walls - alveolar membranes - blood
What percent of 02 is carried by red blood cells?
95% -98%
What is true about hemoglobin?
each molecule can carry 4 oxygen molecules
What is true of red blood cells?
each red blood cell has 250 million hemoglobin molecules and therefore can carry 1 billion oxygen molecules
When blood reaches the tissue cells, which is true of the concentration of oxygen?
oxygen is higher in the blood than it is in the body tissues, so it is released from hemoglobin and diffuses into the body tissue
when blood reaches the tissue cells, which is true of the concentration of CO2?
CO2 is lower in the blood than it is in the body tissue, so it diffuses out of the body tissues and enters the blood
What is not a way CO2 can be carried through the blood?
in the form of an ammonia ion
What happens when bicarbonate ions enters the lungs?
they convert back into CO2 and water so the CO2 can be exhaled
What is the process by which our cells convert oxygen and glucose to
ATP is known as?
cellular respiration
What is exhalation known as?
expiration
what is it known as when gases from your blood pass into your body tissues?
internal respiration
What is it known as when gases from the atmosphere pass into our blood in our lungs
external respiration
What muscle is responsible for breathing?
diaphragm
What controls the rate of breathing?
brain and brain stem
What is it known as when a substance moves from high or low concentration
diffusion
When ion does hemoglobin contain that allow it to bind to oxygen?
iron
