cardiovascular system Flashcards
what does cyte mean?
cell
what does erytho mean?
red
what does hemo mean?
blood
what does leuko mean?
white
what does ology mean?
the study of
what does phago mean?
eating
what does poesis mean?
production of
what does stasis mean?
equilibrium or balance
what does thrombo mean?
clotting
what does saying “the heart beating intrinsically” mean?
the heart beats from within
What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?
transport blood to and from every living cell in the body
What does blood deliver to each cell?
Oxygen, nutrients, water, hormones, white blood cells
what is the heart made of?
a pump made of cardiac muscle
What are the 2 types of chambers within the heart?
atriums and ventricles
what is blood made of?
cells and plasma
what are arteries?
carry blood away from the heart to the body cells
what are capillaries?
tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins at the body cell
what are veins?
carry blood back to the heart
What are the three types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
What are the two types of agranulocytes?
lymphocytes and monocytes
What are neutrophils?
most numerous type of white blood cell (50%-70%)
what is a leukocyte?
white blood cell
What type of nucleus does a neutrophil have?
multi lobed
What are neutrophils attracted to?
sites of inflammation
What did neutrophils do?
use phagocytosis to engulf bacteria
What are eosinophils?
2%-4% of white blood cells
What type of nucleus does eosinophils have?
two lobed nucleus
What do eosinophils do?
use enzymes to digest parasitic worms
What are basophils?
rarest white blood cells (less than 1%)
What do basophils do?
release histamine: an inflammatory chemical that attracts the white blood cells to the site of infection
What are lymphocytes?
25% of white blood cells, 2nd most numerous white blood cell
What type of nucleus do lymphocytes have?
a large nucleus that takes up most of the cell
Where are lymphocytes found?
lymph nodes
What are the two types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells
What are monocytes?
3%-8% of white blood cells, largest leukocytes
What type of nucleus do monocytes have?
kidney shaped nucleus
What do monocytes do?
become macrophages: phagocytes that engulf viruses and other pathogens
What is hemostasis?
a series of reactions that stop the bleeding when a blood vessel wall breaks
What are the three antigens/proteins that cause blood type?
A antigens, B antigens, Rh factor
What do your lungs do during circulation?
remove CO2 from the blood; add oxygen to the blood
What is the systemic circuit?
between the heart and tissue (lower loop)
Where do arteries take blood?
away from the heart
Where do veins take blood?
to the heart
What is the pulmonary circuit?
between the heart and lungs (upper loop)
What do pulmonary arteries do?
carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What do systemic veins do?
carry deoxygenated blood from the tissue back to the heart
What are system arteries do?
carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissue
What side is deoxygenated blood on?
right side
What side is oxygenated blood on?
left side
What color is deoxygenated blood appear?
red
What is measured by hematocrit?
erthrocytes
What has a lifespan of 1-3 days?
leukocytes
What are not true cells because they lack nuclei and organelles?
erythrocytes
What are not true cells because they are cell fragments?
thrombocytes
What are platelets?
thrombocytes
What transport oxygen from the lungs and to the body cells?
erythrocytes
What cell is 45% of blood volume?
erythrocytes
What includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils?
leukocytes
What type of cell determines your blood type?
erythrocytes
True or False: you can receive antigens that your erythrocytes don’t have?
false
What are the 3 possible antigen/proteins that cause blood type?
A, B, Rh
A person has type B+ blood. They receive AB-blood. Which antigens on the AB- blood cause a problem?
A
Which blood type had B and Rh antigens?
B+
Which blood type has no antigens?
O-
Which antigen does A+ blood have?
A and Rh
Which antigens are foreign to type O+ blood?
A and B
Which antigens are familiar to type A- blood?
A
Where does the left side of the heart pump blood to?
the body tissue
The loop of blood vessels that carries blood to and from the body tissue to known as the…?
systemic circuit
What are the type of blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs back to the heart called?
systemic veins
The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
oxygenated blood
The right side of the heart carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
deoxygenated blood
Blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the lungs?
pulmonary arteries
Blood vessels that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium?
inferior vena cava
Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
pulmonary veins
Chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood out of the aorta?
left ventricle
Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the right ventricle?
right atrium
Chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?
left atrium
Chamber of the heart that the SVC and IVC dump into?
right atrium
Large blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body?
aorta
Valve that opens to send blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
bicuspid valve
Valve that opens to send blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery?
pulmonary valve
Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart?
septum
