Histology Flashcards
Histology
the study of tissues
Tissue
group of cells with a similar structure working together to perform a similar job
List body organism from smallest to largest
cell, tissues, organ, organ system, organism
What is the job of a muscle cell?
contract and relax
What is the function of a neuron?
receives and passes impulses
What is the function of a red blood cell?
carries oxygen through the bloodstream
What are the 4 types of tissues?
muscles, nervous, epithelial, connective
What are the five types of connective tissue?
blood, fat, cartilage, bone, tendons, and ligaments
What is epithelial tissue?
type of tissue that covers all internal and external body surfaces, line body cavities, and make up glands
What does epithelial tissue do inside the body?
forms boundaries in the body
What are the two forms of epithelial tissue?
covering and lining epithelium, glandular epithelium
What are the two surfaces of epithelial?
apical and basal
What is an apical surface of epithelial tissue?
not attached to surrounding tissue and exposed to either the outside of the body or the lining of an organ
What is a basal surface of epithelial tissue?
attached to underlying connective tissue
What is a basement membrane?
in between the epithelial and connective tissue
What are epithelial cell’s classification based upon
their shapes and layers
What is the shape of a squamous cell?
flat cell
What is the shape of a cuboidal cell?
box-like
What is the shape of a columnar cell?
tall and skinny cells
Simple
one layer of cells
Stratified
two or more layers of cells
pseudostratified
appears layered, but is only one layer
What is the function of simple squamous?
thin to allow for diffusion
where are simple squamous tissues found
lungs and blood vessels
what is the function of a simple cuboidal tissue
secretions and absorption
where are simple cuboidal tissues found?
glands and kidney tubules
what is the function simple columnar tissue
tall, closely packed
what is the function of simple columnar tissue
absorption and secretion of mucus
where is simple columnar found?
lines the digestive tract
what is the functions of stratified squamous tissues?
protection from abrasion
where is stratified squamous located?
skin, mouth, esophagus, and vagina
where is stratified cuboidal found?
in the ducts of sweats glands and mammary glands
where is stratified columnar found?
in pharynx and male urethra
what does transitional form?
lining of the Urinary organs Ureters, urinary bladder, and parts of the urethra
what is the function of transitional tissue?
stretches easily
what is the function of pseudostratified columnar?
secretes substances, prepels particles forward
where is pseudostratified columnar found?
trachea and fallopian tubes
what is the most abundant tissue in your body?
connective tissue
what are the four main classes of connective tissues?
proper, cartilage, bone, and blood
what are the functions of connective tissue?
binding and supporting, protecting, insulation, storing fuel, and transporting substances
why are connective tissues grouped together?
they all develop from the same type of embryonic tissue known as mesenchyme, the have varying degrees of vascularity, have extracellular matrix
what are the two ingredients of the matrix?
ground substance and fibers
ground substance
watery, unstructured material that fills spaces between cells
fibers
proteins
what are the three types of fibers?
collagen, elastic, and reticular
what is the most diverse type of connective type?
connective tissue proper
loose connective tissue
many spaces between fibers
dense connective tissue
few spaces between fibers
what is the most common type of connective tissue?
areolar
what type of matrix does areolar have?
gellike ground substances; has all three fibers
what is the function of areolar tissue?
serves as packing material for organs
where is areolar tissue located?
under epithelial tissues and around organs
what is the matrix of reticular tissue?
gellike ground substances but only has reticular fibers
what is the function of reticular tissue?
forms a soft skeleton that supports other cells
where is reticular tissue located?
lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
what type of matrix does adipose tissue have?
very little matrix, made mainly of tightly packed adipocytes
what is the function of adipose tissue?
energy reserves, insulates body heat, cushions organs
where is adipose tissue located?
under skin, around kidneys and heart
what is the matrix for regular tissue?
closely packed, parallel collagen fibers
where is regular tissue located?
tendons and ligaments
what is the function of regular tissue?
tendons - connect muscles to bones muscles - ligaments connect bones to bones
what type of matrix does irregular tissue have?
randomly arranged collagen fibers
what is the function of irregular tissue?
strong when pulled in many directions
where is irregular tissue located?
dermis, fibrous coverings that surround organs and joints
what type of matrix does elastic tissue have?
high number of elastic fibers
what is the function of elastic tissue?
allows tissue to bounce back after stretching
