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Anatomy > neurons > Flashcards

neurons Flashcards

1
Q

what is sensory input?

A

sensory receptors gather information from the environment and send it to the brain

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2
Q

what is integration?

A

the brain processes and understands the sensory input and decides what should be done in response

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3
Q

what is motor output?

A

messages are sent from the brain to the muscles or glands to cause a response

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4
Q

divisions of the nervous system: includes cranial and spinal nerves

A

peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

divisions of the nervous system: includes brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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6
Q

divisions of the nervous system: sends messages from the brain to the muscles using motor neurons

A

motor division

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7
Q

divisions of the nervous system: sends messages from the senses to the brain using sensory neurons

A

sensory division

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8
Q

divisions of the nervous system: motor neurons send messages from the brain to involuntary muscles

A

autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

divisions of the nervous system: motor neurons send messages from the brain to voluntary muscles

A

somatic nervous system

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10
Q

divisions of the nervous system: fight or flight

A

sympathetic division

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11
Q

divisions of the nervous system: rest and digest

A

parasympathetic division

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12
Q

what are the two largest divisions of the nervous system?

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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13
Q

which organs are found in the central nervous system?

A

brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for understanding sensory input and controlling motor output?

A

motor division

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15
Q

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for delivering sensory input from the outside world to the brain?

A

sensory division

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16
Q

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for delivering motor output from the brain to the muscles?

A

motor division

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17
Q

Which type of neuron sends messages from the senses to the brain?

A

sensory neurons

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18
Q

Which type of neuron sends messages from the brain to the muscles?

A

motor neurons

19
Q

The motor and sensory divisions are subdivisions of which nervous system?

A

peripheral nervous system

20
Q

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are subdivisions of which division?

A

motor division

21
Q

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are subdivisions of the motor division and are in which nervous system?

A

peripheral nervous system

22
Q

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of which nervous system?

A

autonomic nervous system

23
Q

Which divisions of the nervous system use motor neurons to send messages from the central nervous system?

A

motor division of the PNS; autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system

24
Q

Which divisions of the nervous system use sensory neurons to send messages to the central nervous system?

A

sensory division of the PNS

25
Q

Which division of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements?

A

somatic nervous system

26
Q

Which division of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for involuntary movements?

A

autonomic nervous system

27
Q

Anatomy of a neuron: receive impulses from previous neurons; short and highly branched

A

dendrites

28
Q

Anatomy of a neuron: where the axon joins the cell body

A

axon hillock

29
Q

Anatomy of a neuron: lipid layer; insulates the axon; speeds up the transition of action potentials along the axon

A

myelin sheath

30
Q

Anatomy of a neuron: gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon; impulses “skip” to them

A

nodes of ranvier

31
Q

Anatomy of a neuron: store neurotransmitters that are released into the synapse due to impulses

A

synaptic end bulbs

32
Q

Anatomy in a neuron: located in center of cell body

A

nucleus

33
Q

Anatomy in a neuron: contains organelles; produces proteins and molecules needed to send/receive impulses

A

cell body (also known as the soma)

34
Q

Anatomy in a neuron: produce the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

A

schwann

35
Q

Anatomy in a neuron: carries impulses away from the soma and toward the next neuron

A

axon

36
Q

Anatomy in a neuron: fine projections at the end of an axon that pass the impulse to the next neuron

A

axon terminals

37
Q

define structural classification

A

based on the number of processes extending from the soma

38
Q

structural classification: have many processes; one axon and multiple
dendrites; most common type of neuron

A

multipolar

39
Q

structural classification: have two processes; one branching axon and one dendrite; very rare; only found in special sense organs (eye)

A

bipolar

40
Q

structural classification: have only one process - an axon; mainly found in the peripheral nervous system

A

unipolar

41
Q

define functional classification

A

based on the direction that the message travels through the neuron in relation to the CNS

42
Q

functional classification: also known as afferent neurons; carry impulses from the sensory receptors in the skin or sense organs to the CNS; usually unipolar

A

sensory

43
Q

functional classification: also known as efferent neurons; carry impulses from the CNS to the muscles or glands; usually multipolar

A

motor

44
Q

functional classification: also known as association neurons; transmit impulses within the CNS; over 99% of neurons in the body; usually multipolar

A

interneurons

Anatomy (13 decks)

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