Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO > Respiration-REACTIONS > Flashcards

Respiration-REACTIONS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What immediately happens to glucose in glycolysis and what is formed?

A

Glucose is phosphorylated twice by 2 ATP molecules forming Hexose-6-bisphosphate and 2 ADP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many carbons does glucose have?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many carbons does hexose-6-bisphosphate have?

How many phosphate groups?

A

6 carbons

2 phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What immediately happens to hexose-6-bisphosphate in glycolysis?

A

It splits in half, forming two triose phosphate molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many carbons does triose phosphate have?

How many phosphate groups?

A

3 carbons

1 phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to triose phosphate in glycolysis and what is formed?

A

Triose phosphate is phosphorylated by inorganic phosphate.
Triose phosphate is dehydrogenated (oxidised) by NAD+, this forms reduced NAD.
Triose phosphate phosphorylates ADP into ATP in substrate-level phosphorylation. (TWICE)
This results in Pyruvate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the first chemical in the link reaction and what must happen in between glycolysis and the link reaction?

A

Pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix from the cytoplasm through active transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to pyruvate in the link reaction to form acetate?

A

Pyruvate is decarboxylated (carbon dioxide produced).

It is then dehydrogenated (oxidised) by NAD+ producing reduced NAD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to acetate in the link reaction?

A

Acetate is added to coenzyme A forming Acetyl CoA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many carbons does acetyl CoA have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that coordinates and catalyses the link reaction?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What immediately happens to acetyl CoA in the krebs cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate join and coenzyme A is lost.

This forms Citrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many carbons does oxaloacetate have?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many carbons does citrate have?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to citrate in the krebs cycle to form oxaloacetate?

A 
Carbon dioxide is released.
NAD+ is reduced.
Carbon dioxide is released.
NAD+ is reduced.
ATP is produced in substrate-level phosphorylation.
FAD is reduced.
NAD+ is reduced.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does one glucose molecule power 2 turns of the krebs cycle?

A

A single glucose molecule produces 2 acetyl CoA molecules after the processes of glycolysis and the link reaction.

17
Q

What are reduced NAD and FAD used for in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

They are oxidised to release 2H+ and 2e-.

The electrons power the proton pumps via the ETC and the hydrogen ions are pumped into the intermembrane space.

18
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation and what is produced?

A

O2 combines with 4H+ and 4e- to form two water molecules.

19
Q

Why must there be a hydrogen acceptor in fermentation?

A

Reduced NAD must be oxidised in order for glycolysis to continue and ATP to continue to be produced via substrate-level phosphorylation.

20
Q

What is the hydrogen acceptor in alcoholic fermentation and what is formed?

A

Ethanal forming Ethanol.

21
Q

What is the hydrogen acceptor in lactate fermentation and what is formed?

A

Pyruvate forming Lactate.

22
Q

What enzymes are required for alcoholic fermentation?

A

Pyruvate dercarboxylase and ethanol dehydrogenase.

23
Q

What enzyme is required in lactate fermentation?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

24
Q

What is the Q10 temperature coefficient for a biochemical reaction?

A

The ratio of the rate of reaction at a temperature t+10 over the rate of reaction at t

25
Q

What is decarboxylation?

A

The removal of carbon dioxide.

26
Q

What is dehydrogenation?

A

The removal of hydrogen (oxidation)

27
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced via substrate level phosphorylation in one “turn” of the krebs cycle?

A

1

28
Q

What are the advantages of lipids as respiratory substrates over carbohydrates/protein?
Why is this?

A

Lipids have higher energy density than glucose/protein.

This is due to a higher proportion of carbon-hydrogen bonds.

29
Q

What coenzymes are used in respiration?

A

NAD, FAD, coenzyme A

30
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?

A

2 ATP molecules are used to convert glucose into hexose-6-bisphosphate.
2 ATP molecules are produced during the oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate (so 4 for each glucose molecule).
So a net of 2 ATP molecules are produced for one glucose molecule by glycolysis.

BIO (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions