Biological Molecules - Ions

Question 1

Calcium ion

Answer 1

Ca2+
nerve impulse transmission
muscle contraction
insulin release
(vesicle exocytosis)

Question 2

Sodium ion

Answer 2

Na+
nerve impulse transmission
kidney function

Question 3

Potassium ion

Answer 3

K+
nerve impulse transmission
stomatal opening

Question 4

Ammonium ion

Answer 4

N(H4)+

production of nitrate ions by bacteria

Question 5

Hydrogen ion

Answer 5

H+
catalysis of reactions
pH determination
chemiosmosis

Question 6

Nitrate ion

Answer 6

N(O3)-

nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation

Question 7

Hydrogen Carbonate ion

Answer 7

HC(O3)-

maintenance of blood pH

Question 8

Chloride ion

Answer 8

Cl-
balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
chloride shift in erythrocytes, balancing out hydrogencarbonate ions (HCO3-) that diffuse out.

Question 9

Phosphate ion

Answer 9

P(O4)3-
cell membrane formation
bone formation
nucleic acid and ATP formation

Question 10

Hydroxide ion

Answer 10

OH-
catalysis of reactions
pH determination

Question 11

Zinc ions

Answer 11

Zn2+

Prosthetic group working with carbonic anhydrase in the matabolism of carbon dioxide

Question 12

Magnesium ion

Answer 12

Mg2+

Prosthetic group in the flat, light-absorbing head of chlorophyll molecules.