respiration

Question 1

aerobic respiration

Answer 1

with oxygen

Question 2

anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

without oxygen

Question 3

equation for respiration

Answer 3

c6h12o6 + o2 = co2 + h2o + energy

Question 4

coenzymes in respiration

Answer 4

NAD

coenzyme A (acetate)

FAD

Question 5

where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 5

in the cytoplasm

Question 6

steps involved in glycolysis? (draw if needed)

Answer 6

glucose, SLP X2 , hexose biphosphate, split into 2 TP molecules, SLP, NAD becomes NADH X2, ADP becomes ATP X4 forming pyruvate

Question 7

where does the link reaction take place?

Answer 7

in the intermembrane space

Question 8

steps involved in the link reaction? (draw if needed)

Answer 8

pyruvate is decarboxylated and reduced to form acetate, coenzymeA binds with acetate to bring it to the krebs cycle forming acetylecoA

Question 9

where does the krebs cycle take place?

Answer 9

in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 10

steps involved in the krebs cycle

Answer 10

acetate binds with oxaloacetate to form citric acid (catalysed by citrate synthase), it is oxidised and decarboxylated to form NADH and a 5carbon compound, (same happens again) oxidised and decarboxylated to form a 4carbon compound, ADP becomes ATP and FAD becomes FADH, the 4carbon compound is regenerated (NAD forms NADH) to form oxaloacetate

Question 11

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 11

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 12

define oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 12

the process where the energy carried by electrons from NADH and FADH is used to make ATP

Question 13

steps involved in oxidative phosphorylation (4)

Answer 13

NADH and FADH release their H atoms where it splits into H ions and electrons

the electrons move along the electron transport chain loosing energy between each carrier, this energy is used to pump the H ions through the matrix into the inter membrane space

this creates a higher conc and an electrochemical gradient so the h ions move back into the matrix via the ATP synthase which drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP

the protons electrons and oxygen from the blood form water

Question 14

lactate fermentation

Answer 14

pyruvate is reduced as it gains a H atom to form lactic acid

produces a small amount of ATP

Question 15

alcoholic fermentation

Answer 15

pyruvate is decarboxilised to form ethanal then reduced to form ethanol

Question 16

how is the respiratory quotient of a substrate calculated?

Answer 16

dividing the amount of co2 produced by the amount of oxygen consumed