Cell structure Flashcards
Cell surface membrane (4)
- controls what goes in and out of the cell
- compartmentalisation
- medium for chemical reactions (photolysis)
- barrier
Cell wall
-supports plant cells (prevents cell from bursting during osmosis)
Nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- nucleolus
- chromatin
- control the activities of the cell
Lysosomes
Digest invading cells
Contain digestive enzymes that break down components
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Folds and processes proteins that are made in the ribosomes bound to it
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesises oils and Lipids
Vesicle
Transport substances (via cytoskeleton)
Golgi Apparatus
Prepares, processes and packages proteins and new lipids
Mitochondria
Aerobic Respiration
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
Stroma (Glycolysis)
Granum (Krebs Cycle)
Centrioles
Involved in cell division
Cilia
Beat and move substances along the cell wall
Organelles involved in protein production (4 steps)
Proteins are synthesised at the ribosomes of the rough ER
They are folded and processed and put into transport vesicles that take them to the Golgi Apparatus
Here, they are prepared processed and packaged into vesicles again
They then fuse with the cell membrane and leave via exocytosis
Functions of the cytoskeleton (4)
Strengthen and maintain the cells shape
keep the organelles in position through microtubules and microfilaments
transport of organelles
spindle fibres in cell division
