Respiration Flashcards
Uses of energy
To be warm
Movement
Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
How is energy produced
Cellular respiration
Describe respiration
An exothermic reactions as it releases energy
Takes place continuously in all living cells
Describe aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen= co2 + water
Releases a lot of energy
= as glucose has been fully oxidised
Describe anaerobic respiration in muscles
When there’s shortage of oxygen muscle cells respire anaerobically
Glucose converted to lactic acid
Releases much less energy
= as oxidation of glucose is incomplete
Describe anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells
Glucose= ethanol + co2
Can be used for alcohol in drinks (ethanol)
Define fermentation
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
Uses of yeast
Alcohol (ethanol)
Bread
= co2 produced which causes bubbles in dough
= cause bread to rise
Describe energy needs when exercising
Body needs a lot of energy for muscle contraction
= body must react to the increased demand for energy
= aerobic respiration increases
= higher oxygen demand
How does body provide extra oxygen for aerobic respiration
Breathing rate and breathing volume increase
= more oxygen into bloodstream
Heart rate increases
= pump more oxygenated blood around body
When does anaerobic respiration take place
When not enough oxygen supplied to muscles
Effects of lactic acid
During long periods of exercise lactic acid causes muscles to become fatigued
= stop muscles contracting efficiently
How does being react to a lot of lactic acid
Body removes lactic acid from muscles
= creates oxygen debt
Taken to liver and converted back to glucose in series of chemical reactions
Describe an oxygen debt
Amount of extra oxygen body needs after exercise to deal with accumulated lactic acid
= why people breath rapidly after exercise
Respiration in yeast and muscle cell
Both release small amounts of energy
Yeast produces co2
Yeast produces ethanol
Muscles produce lactic acid
