Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe digestion

A

Large food molecules broken down into small molecules by enzymes
= small molecules can be absorbed into bloodstream

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2
Q

Process of digestion

A
  • food chewed in mouth
  • enzymes in saliva digest starch into small sugar molecules
  • food down oesophagus into stomach
  • in stomach enzymes digest proteins
  • stomach contains hydrochloric acid to help enzymes digest proteins
  • churning action of stomach muscles turns food into fluid
    = increase surface area for enzymes for digest
  • fluid passes into small intestine from liver and pancreas
  • pancreas release enzymes to digest starch, protein and lipids
  • liver releases bile
  • walls of small intestine release enzymes and small food molecules absorbed into bloodstream by diffusion or active transport
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3
Q

Bile function

A

Speed up digestion of lipids
Neutralises acid released from stomach

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4
Q

Function of active site

A

Where substrate attaches to

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5
Q

Where do we find proteas

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas

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6
Q

Describe proteins when digested

A

Proteas convert protein back into individual amino acids
= re absorbed into bloodstream

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7
Q

What are carbs like starch made of

A

Glucose

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8
Q

What breaks down carbs
What breaks down starch

A

Carbohydrates
Amylase

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9
Q

What is produced when carbs digested

A

Simple sugars

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10
Q

Where do we find amylase

A

Saliva
Pancreatic fluid

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11
Q

What are lipids made of

A

Molecule of glycerol attached to molecules of fatty acids

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12
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids

A

Lipase

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13
Q

What do lipase produce

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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14
Q

Where do we find lipase

A

Pancreatic fluid and small intestine

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15
Q

Where is bile made and stored

A

Liver
Gall bladder

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16
Q

Effects of liver damage

A

No bile made
= fats not emulsified
= surface area of fats not increased
= pH of small intestine won’t be alkaline
= enzymes won’t work effectively
= may lose weight

Lactic acid not broken down
= accumulation of lactic acid
= lactic acid is toxic
= higher oxygen debt
= muscle pain

17
Q

Liver function

A

Produce insulin