Medicines

Question 1

What was the first antibiotic

Answer 1

Penicillin

Question 2

Antibiotic function

Answer 2

Kill infective bacteria inside human body without harming body cells

Question 3

Describe antibiotic resistance

Answer 3

Doctors did riveted certain antibiotics weren’t effective against bacteria as they were overused
= bacteria evolved so that they were no longer killed by antibiotic

Question 4

Problems with antibiotics

Answer 4

• doctors must use specific antibiotics to treat specific bacteria
• antibiotics can’t kill viruses

Question 5

Painkiller function

Answer 5

Treat symptoms of a disease by relieving pain
= don’t kill the pathogen

Question 6

Why is it hard to develop drugs to kill viruses

Answer 6

Viruses live and reproduce inside human cells
= difficult to develop drugs without also damaging the body’s tissues

Question 7

Use of foxglove plant

Answer 7

Extract heart drug digitalis

Question 8

Use of willow tree

Answer 8

Extract painkiller aspirin

Question 9

How to test a drug before trials

Answer 9

• check toxicity of drug (safe for humans)
• check that drug is effective
• workout best dose of drug

Question 10

Describe the stages of drug testing

Answer 10

• preclinical testing carried out on cells, tissue and on live animals
• clinical testing carried on humans
• very low doses of drug given to healthy volunteers
  = to check drug is safe in humans
• if drug safe testing continues to find the optimal dose

Question 11

Define a placebo

Answer 11

Tablet or injection with no active drug in it

Question 12

Describe a double blind trial

Answer 12

Test group receive active drug
Placebo group receive dummy drug
Neither patients or doctors know who has the funny drug or active drug
= stop bias