Resp System

Question 1

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Answer 1

Cover trachea, prevent food entering

Question 2

Where is surfactant found in the lungs?

What secretes it?

Answer 2

alveoli > surfactant > reduce surface tension

- secreted by type 2 pneumocytes

Question 3

Is inhalation an active process?

If so or not, why?

Answer 3

• Consumption of ATP makes it an active process
• Contraction of diaphragm occurs in inhalation
• During exhalation: intercostal muscle may contract to force exhalation

Question 4

What is tidal volume?

Answer 4

Normal breathing rate at rest

Question 5

What is vital capacity?

Answer 5

Max volume inhale/exhale

Question 6

Total lung capacity?

Answer 6

Total amount of volume our lungs can hold, can never inhale/exahle this much due to residual volume

Question 7

What is the importance of residual volume?

Answer 7

Volume in lungs left-over after max exhalation. Required to keep lungs/alveoli from collapsing

Question 8

In resp system: where are ciliated epithelium, goblet cells, and defensins found?
what is the function of goblet cells?

Answer 8

trachea: ciliated epithelium
nasal cavity: goblet cells (also found elsewhere)
– secret mucus
bronchi: defensins

Question 9

what is the avg pH of blood? how is it regulated by breathing?

Answer 9

avg blood pH = 7.4

• acidic: hyperventilate, get rid of CO2
• basic: hypoventilate

Question 10

what is infected in pneumonia?

Answer 10

alveoli

Question 11

Describe gas exchange at the level of alveoli?

Answer 11

O2 rich air diffuse into, CO2 rich blood cells are deoxy and exchange

• O2 diffuses down concentration gradient > immediately binding to Hgb
• CO2 follow own conc gradient as well to be expelled

Question 12

Inhalation vs Exhalation in regards to pleural cavity, volume, and pressure:

Answer 12

Inhalation: incr volume and decr pressure of pleural cavity

Exhalation: decr volume and incr pressure of pleural cavity

Question 13

What are defensins?

Answer 13

Broad spectrum anti-microbrial proteins secreted by resp tract

Question 14

What is primary form of carbon dioxide in body?

Answer 14

bicarbonate buffer

- bicarbonate and carbonic acid are in equilibrium

Question 15

What kind of shift does fetal hemoglobin experience?

Answer 15

left shift:

• pressure on X-axis, and saturation on y-axis
• takes less pressure for Hemoglobin to bind, shift to left, incr coop