Reproductive System Flashcards
Spermatogenesis steps
spermatogonium x1 (2n) > mitosis primary spermatocyte x2 (2n) > meiosis I secondary spermatocyte x2 (n) > meiosis II spermatid (1n) x 4 > spermiogenesis spermatozoa (n) x4
How is scrotum temp managed:
Cold:
cremaster contract: draw in
dartos: contract to wrinkle skin
warm: both relax
Where does spermatogenesis occur
testes w/in semineferous tubules
sertoli > epithelium
Function of epididymis
- storage and maturation of spermatazoa to gain function of motlity
Vas deferens
transport sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
What areas do sperm pass after leaving epidiymis:
Seminal vesicles: nutrients for semen (fructose, vitaminz, enzymes, other proteins)
prostate gland
bulbourethral: pre-ejaculate, lubricate, neutralize acidic urine
SEVEN UP
What is the pH of semen and why?
alkaline > buffer acidity of uterus
What is the vulva
external components of vagina
What are the main events/structures of spermiogenesis?
formation of acrosomal cap (enzymes needed to fertilize egg) nucleus centriole mitochondria to power tail formation of tail - flagellum loss of excess cytoplasm
what are the two arrests in oogenesis and when?
prior to puberty: arrest in prophase 1
ovulation: arrest in metaphase 2
Ovarian cycle
folluclar phase > ovulation > luteal phase
goal: release ovum
how does FSH change over course of menstrual cycle?
fairly low, spike during ovulation, low again
how doees LH change over menstrual cycle?
low early on, a little higher than FSH, larger and most prominent spike during ovulation
how does estrogen change over menstrual cycle?
slowly rise in proliferation > cause Lh and FSH surge before ovulation
- stay quite high in luteal phase, overtaken by PG
What hormone specifically triggers ovulation?
What hormone triggers ___ surge?
LH, Estrogen
