Nervous System

Question 1

What are ganglia?

Answer 1

• intermediates that translate neural impulse of CNS into comands to target organs
• each has pre and post ganglionic
  cell bodies located right around the spinal cord and GI

Question 2

SAME? Acronym?

Answer 2

sensory - afferent

motor - eferrent

Question 3

Hindbrain main structures

Answer 3

• cerebellum
• medulla and pons (brainstem)
• autonomic function

Question 4

Midbrain main structures

Answer 4

• colliculus: superior and inferior (auditory and visual)
• substantia niagra
• homeostatic control

Question 5

Forbrain main structures

Answer 5

• limbic system: hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus
• cerebrum, olfactory bulb, basal ganglia
• Cerebral cortex: occipital (visual), frontal (higher order), parietal (sensory), temporal (language and sound processing)

Question 6

Spinal divisions

Answer 6

C1-7, T-12, L/S 1-5

Question 7

Components of the skull

Answer 7

dura, meninges, arachnoid, subarach space, pia

Question 8

Pre vs postganglionic neurons

Answer 8

• SNS and PNS pre: ACH shorter
• PNS post: ACH longer
• SNS post: Norepi

Question 9

Enteric Nervous System:

Answer 9

• second brain

- extension of autonomic, influenced by SNS and PNS

Question 10

Parietal Lobe basic comonents

Answer 10

• somatosensory cortex

- postcentral gyrus

Question 11

Vision colliculus and geniculate body:

Answer 11

Superior and lateral > occipital lobe

Question 12

Auditory colliculus and geniculate body:

Answer 12

Inferior and medial > temproal lobe

Question 13

General structures involved in voluntary motor control:

Answer 13

cerebellum, basal ganglia, precentral gyrus

Question 14

Main functions of glial cells

Answer 14

• nutrients, structure, insulation, defense

- 3:1 vs neurons

Question 15

Astrocyte

Answer 15

• glial subtype
• form BBB, selectively permeable
• transport nutrients
• constant insulin independent, active transport glucose transport to brain in bloodstream
• very demanding for metablic reqs

Question 16

Glial satellite cells

Answer 16

• PNS similar to astrocyte supporting function

-

Question 17

Myelination in PNS vs SNS

Answer 17

• Schawnn: PNS
• Oligoden: CNS
• saltatory conduction: jump node to node

Question 18

Microglia

Answer 18

• immune cells of nervous system

Question 19

what secretes CSF in CNS?

Answer 19

ependymal cells

Question 20

Example of NT that is broken down and its enzyme

Answer 20

Ach and Achesterase

Question 21

Reuptake NTs and what enzyme

Answer 21

• monamines and nor epi

- via monoamine oxidases

Question 22

what is the relationship of cytoplasmic resistance and conduction?

Answer 22

as cytoplasmic resistance increases > conduction decreases

larger neuron, lower cytoplasmic resistance

Question 23

what does myelin due to membrane resistance? and thus capacitance?

Answer 23

increase membrane resistance > decr capacitance

Question 24

what is E cell potential

Answer 24

cathode - anode

Question 25

What is nernst equation?

Answer 25

E(cell potential) = E(0) - lnQ (RT/nF)

Question 26

why do sodium and potassium V-gated channels open at different times?

Answer 26

- threshold is the same for both 0 potassium opening is slower, causing increase intracellular cation without opposing increase in extracellular cation concentration