Endocrine

Question 1

What is a tropic hormone?

Answer 1

• acts on an endocrine gland

- tropic means direct (usu hypothal and anterior pituitary)

Question 2

What is the function of Smooth ER?

Answer 2

steroid hormone synthesis from cholesterol

SMOOTH STEROID

Question 3

What is the function of rough ER?

Answer 3

DNA > mRNA > translation >

-preprohormone > prohormone > Golgi (cleaved, glycosylation)

Question 4

What is the function of Golgi?

Answer 4

• receive prohormone from RER > modify

- vesicle that will release into circulation via exocytosis

Question 5

Diff of steroid vs peptide hormones:

Answer 5

Structure:
Steroid- hydrophobic/lipophilic cholesterol derivs
Peptide-hydrophilic, chains of amino acids

Transport:
peptide - diffuse in blodostream, aq and polar, don’t need transport proteins
Steroid - need carier, binding protein (SHBG and Albumin)

Signaling:
Peptide: bind receptors on PM, cannot pass through PM, work through 2nd messenger
Steroid-cross PM, bind to receptors in cytosol or nucleus, directly effect gene expression in nuc

Duration:
Peptide: fast act and promote powerful short lived response
Steroid: take effect slower and have longer effects

Question 6

Merocrine vs apocrine vs holocrine

Answer 6

merocrine: exocytosis (sweat)
apocrine: membrane budding (mammary)
holocrine: membrane rupture (sebaceous gland)

all are not endocrine cells

Question 7

Amino acid derived hormones

Answer 7

• small derived from single amino acid

Question 8

What are T3 and T4 derived from? think half life and structure

Answer 8

• derived from tyrosine > hydrophobic
• behave like steroid hormones
• sustained and long half life 7 days

Question 9

What kind of solubility do epi and nor epi have?

Answer 9

water soluble

- short lived catecholamines

Question 10

Aphipathic hormones

Answer 10

• Trp derivative melatonin > aromatic (nonpolar) and amide, ester > polar

Question 11

Positive feedback loops:

Answer 11

oxytocin > uterine contractions

Question 12

Two hormonees from anterior pituitary without hypothalamic input?

Answer 12

prolactin and endorphines

Question 13

what kind of hormones do anterior and posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 13

peptide hormones

- posterior pituitary: formed in hypothalamus and stored in posterior

Question 14

What is the role of ANP?

Answer 14

• oppose aldosterone and ADH
• in response to high blood pressure/high blood volume
• you want to increase fluid loss to reduce BP

Question 15

What is the role and hormone of thymus?

Answer 15

Thymosin > mature T cells

Question 16

Digestive system hormmones

Answer 16

Gastrin

Secretin

CCK

Question 17

What is the MOA of ADH

Answer 17

high to low plasma osmolality

• incr perm collecting duct to upregulate aquapporins
• increases water absorption without affecting solute reabsorption > reduce blood osmolality

Question 18

relationship of BP and osmolality?

Answer 18

inverse

• high BP: low osmolality
• -lot of fluid, thus solute is more dissolved
• low BP: high osmolality
• more solute to water ratio