LIpids

Question 1

What is needed to breakdown Triglyceride into molecular components? What is this process called? What are the components?

Answer 1

• Strong base attacks Triglyceride, OH ions attack bond
• creates one molecule of glycerol
• and FA salt (used for SOAP

Question 2

Difference in Trig and Phospholipid

Answer 2

One COOH is replaced with polar head group - phosphate

Question 3

What is sphingosine group composed of?

Answer 3

Amine head with hydrocarbon tail

Question 4

Clusters in lipid rafts in the plasma membrane

- plays a role in bio signaling

Answer 4

Sphingomyelin

Question 5

Composed of mixture of lipids produced by plants and animals

- fatty acid derivative

Answer 5

Waxes

Question 6

Solid but malleable at room temperature; hydrophobic

- EX: petroleum jelly, candle, crayon

Answer 6

Waxes

Question 7

Example of molecules derived from cholesterol:

Answer 7

• estradiol, aldosterone, steroid hormones, vitamin D

Question 8

signaling lipids involved in pain response, blood pressure regulation, blood clotting, inflammation and other items

Answer 8

Eicosanoids: including prostaglandins and thrombocytes

Question 9

Synthesized from arachidonic acid

- mediates pain and inflammation

Answer 9

Prostaglandins

Question 10

Eicosanoid found in platelet and modifying blood clotting

Answer 10

Thromboxanes

Question 11

Derived from isoprene, branched 5 C unit with double bonds

- polymerize to form natural compounds

Answer 11

Terpenes and Terpenoids

Question 12

Vitamin A is what type of lipid class:

Answer 12

Terpenoid

Question 13

Cholesterol and steroid hormones are derived from terpene:

Answer 13

Squareness

Question 14

Lipid soluble vitamins

Answer 14

DEAK

A: terpenoids derived
D: cholesterol derived
E and K: not fall mainly into either category

Question 15

Hydrocarbon tail of only single C-C bonds:

Answer 15

Saturated fatty acid, because saturated with most amount of hydrogens

Question 16

Fatty acid with at least one C=C:

Answer 16

Unsaturated FA due to C=C bond

Cis: Z
Trans: E

Question 17

Z fatty acid

Answer 17

cis unsaturated FA

Question 18

E FA

Answer 18

Trans unsaturated FA

Question 19

Notation of counting FA that starts from last carbon in chain:

Answer 19

Omega notation: last letter in Greek alphabet

Question 20

What does Omega-7 fatty acid mean:

Answer 20

Starting from end of chain, 7th carbon will have a double bond

Question 21

System of naming fatty acids that only gives the number of carbons and number of double bonds:

Answer 21

Lipid numbering

Ex: 16:1

Question 22

Used to identify position of double bonds in fatty acid chain

Answer 22

Start from COOH and indicate presence of double bond

Question 23

Most unsaturated fatty acids are in this orientation (3 letter and 1 letter)

Answer 23

Cis = Z

Question 24

Saturated fats are in this state at room temp due to what:

Answer 24

Solid, due to tight packing

Question 25

Saturated fatty acids usually have ___ MP/BP compared to unsaturated:

Answer 25

higher due to tight packaging unsaturated lower due to kinks, usually liquid/oil at room temp

Question 26

Unsaturated fatty acids that have trans double bonds | - what are the general properties

Answer 26

Trans FA lol and more stackable and solid

Question 27

How does trans FA change ratio of HDL and LDL:

Answer 27

Increases LDL: HDL ratio

Question 28

Term for two cis double bonds

Answer 28

DIENE

Question 29

Transport pathway of lipids:

Answer 29

1. Taken up by brush order of small intestine 2. Packaged into chylomicron (lipoprotein of Trig and lipids), transport in bloodstream 3. Released into lacteals > lymphatic 4. Lymphatic travel to fat, muscle, liver

Question 30

Liver produces different proteins based on density:

Answer 30

Density: least dense = highest ratio of lipid to protein VLDL: most lipid to protein, rich in Trig HDL: most protein to lipid

Question 31

Lipoprotein that delivers Trig to body tissues

Answer 31

VLDL

Question 32

Delivers cholesterol to all tissues that need it:

Answer 32

LDL: offload Trig and more cholesterol than HDL

Question 33

Returns cholesterol and lipids to liver, cholesterol transporter:

Answer 33

HDL

Question 34

Where are fatty acids normallly stored?

Answer 34

Fat cells or adipocytes

Question 35

What signals release of fatty acids from adipocytes?

Answer 35

Glucagon and Epi ATP > cAMP > protein kinase > triacylglycerol lipase > glycerol + fatty acid cid

Question 36

What transport protein is used for fatty acids in the blood:

Answer 36

Albumin

Question 37

What carries triglyceride to tissues?

Answer 37

VLDL and chylomicrons

Question 38

What carries cholesterol to tissues?

Answer 38

LDL

Question 39

How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity?

Answer 39

Low temp: incr membrane fluidity, steric bulk interactions with phosphate tail packing High temp: stabilize via van der waals with phospholipid tails