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J: Bio > LIpids > Flashcards

LIpids Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is needed to breakdown Triglyceride into molecular components? What is this process called? What are the components?

A
  • Strong base attacks Triglyceride, OH ions attack bond
  • creates one molecule of glycerol
  • and FA salt (used for SOAP
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2
Q

Difference in Trig and Phospholipid

A

One COOH is replaced with polar head group - phosphate

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3
Q

What is sphingosine group composed of?

A

Amine head with hydrocarbon tail

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4
Q

Clusters in lipid rafts in the plasma membrane

- plays a role in bio signaling

A

Sphingomyelin

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5
Q

Composed of mixture of lipids produced by plants and animals

- fatty acid derivative

A

Waxes

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6
Q

Solid but malleable at room temperature; hydrophobic

- EX: petroleum jelly, candle, crayon

A

Waxes

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7
Q

Example of molecules derived from cholesterol:

A
  • estradiol, aldosterone, steroid hormones, vitamin D
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8
Q

signaling lipids involved in pain response, blood pressure regulation, blood clotting, inflammation and other items

A

Eicosanoids: including prostaglandins and thrombocytes

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9
Q

Synthesized from arachidonic acid

- mediates pain and inflammation

A

Prostaglandins

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10
Q

Eicosanoid found in platelet and modifying blood clotting

A

Thromboxanes

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11
Q

Derived from isoprene, branched 5 C unit with double bonds

- polymerize to form natural compounds

A

Terpenes and Terpenoids

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12
Q

Vitamin A is what type of lipid class:

A

Terpenoid

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13
Q

Cholesterol and steroid hormones are derived from terpene:

A

Squareness

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14
Q

Lipid soluble vitamins

A

DEAK

A: terpenoids derived
D: cholesterol derived
E and K: not fall mainly into either category

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15
Q

Hydrocarbon tail of only single C-C bonds:

A

Saturated fatty acid, because saturated with most amount of hydrogens

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16
Q

Fatty acid with at least one C=C:

A

Unsaturated FA due to C=C bond

Cis: Z
Trans: E

17
Q

Z fatty acid

A

cis unsaturated FA

18
Q

E FA

A

Trans unsaturated FA

19
Q

Notation of counting FA that starts from last carbon in chain:

A

Omega notation: last letter in Greek alphabet

20
Q

What does Omega-7 fatty acid mean:

A

Starting from end of chain, 7th carbon will have a double bond

21
Q

System of naming fatty acids that only gives the number of carbons and number of double bonds:

A

Lipid numbering

Ex: 16:1

22
Q

Used to identify position of double bonds in fatty acid chain

A

Start from COOH and indicate presence of double bond

23
Q

Most unsaturated fatty acids are in this orientation (3 letter and 1 letter)

A

Cis = Z

24
Q

Saturated fats are in this state at room temp due to what:

A

Solid, due to tight packing

25
Q

Saturated fatty acids usually have ___ MP/BP compared to unsaturated:

A

higher due to tight packaging

unsaturated lower due to kinks, usually liquid/oil at room temp

26
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids that have trans double bonds

- what are the general properties

A

Trans FA lol and more stackable and solid

27
Q

How does trans FA change ratio of HDL and LDL:

A

Increases LDL: HDL ratio

28
Q

Term for two cis double bonds

A

DIENE

29
Q

Transport pathway of lipids:

A
  1. Taken up by brush order of small intestine
  2. Packaged into chylomicron (lipoprotein of Trig and lipids), transport in bloodstream
  3. Released into lacteals > lymphatic
  4. Lymphatic travel to fat, muscle, liver
30
Q

Liver produces different proteins based on density:

A

Density: least dense = highest ratio of lipid to protein

VLDL: most lipid to protein, rich in Trig

HDL: most protein to lipid

31
Q

Lipoprotein that delivers Trig to body tissues

A

VLDL

32
Q

Delivers cholesterol to all tissues that need it:

A

LDL: offload Trig and more cholesterol than HDL

33
Q

Returns cholesterol and lipids to liver, cholesterol transporter:

A

HDL

34
Q

Where are fatty acids normallly stored?

A

Fat cells or adipocytes

35
Q

What signals release of fatty acids from adipocytes?

A

Glucagon and Epi

ATP > cAMP > protein kinase > triacylglycerol lipase > glycerol + fatty acid cid

36
Q

What transport protein is used for fatty acids in the blood:

A

Albumin

37
Q

What carries triglyceride to tissues?

A

VLDL and chylomicrons

38
Q

What carries cholesterol to tissues?

A

LDL

39
Q

How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity?

A

Low temp: incr membrane fluidity, steric bulk interactions with phosphate tail packing

High temp: stabilize via van der waals with phospholipid tails

J: Bio (15 decks)

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