Resp Flashcards
Diagnosis
Ghon complex
TB
Which area of lungs does TB affect
Apex
How to treat active TB
2 months of:
Rifampicine
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
4 months of:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
How to treat latent TB
3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid OR 6 months isoniazid
How long to treat meningeal TB
Minimum of 12 months, also use steroids
Rifampicin
What does it do
Side effects
Liver enzyme inducer
Orange secretions, hepatitis, flu like sx.
Isoniazid
What does it do
Side effects
Inhibit HAN
liver enzyme inhibitor
Hepatitis
Agranulocytosis
Neuropathy (prevent with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Pyrazinamide side effects
hyperuricaemia causing gout
arthralgia, myalgia
hepatitis
Ethambutol side effects
optic neuritis: check visual acuity before and during treatment
dose needs adjusting in patients with renal impairment
‘egg-shell’ calcification of the hilar nodes. Diagnosis
silicosis.
Does asbestosis affect upper or lower lobes.
Lower fibrosis
Most others are upper,
Common cause of pneumonia after influenza
Staph aureus
Features of klebsiella pneumonia
Colour of sputum?
Demographic?
Complications?
Common in alcoholics and diabetics
Common after aspiration
Abscesses and empyema
Bowel flora
redcurrant jelly sputum
Features of mycoplasma pneumonia
Dry cough
Can get systemic complications: neuro involvement / pericarditis/ ITP/ anaemia/ hepatitis/ erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum
Mycardium and plasma (ish… ITP & anaemia).
Bronchioloitis causative organism,
RSV
Croup causative organism
Parainfluenza
Most common cause of IECOPD
Haemophilus. Influenzae
Also Moraxella and s.pneumoniae but less common.
Most common cause of pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
Difference between asbestosis and mesothelioma
Both caused by asbestos exposure.
Asbestosis = scarring
Mesothelioma = ca of the pleura
Asbestos can also cause pleural plaques - NOT pre-malignant
what is mesothelioma
Malignant ca of pleura
What is most common form of cancer associated with asbestos exposure
Lung ca (not mesothelioma).
What is goodpastures?
When you get haemoptysis (pulmonary haemorrhages), anti-GMB and glomerulonephritis.
What is Lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome associated with
Small cell lung ca
Which lung ca is associated with hypercalcaemia
Squamous cell
What values = Exudative effusion?
Pleural fluid:serum protein ratio >0.5
Pleural fluid: Serum LDH > 0.6
Pleural LDH>2/3 UNL of serum
Which cancers does asbestos increase the risk of?
Lung: Mesothelioma, bronchogenic ca, mesothelioma
Gastric, colonic, renal adenocarcinoma
Gastric lymphoma
Which cancer are people mot at risk of after asbestos exposure?
Lung ca - more so than mesothelioma (this is rare)
Is alpha 1 antitrypsin obstructive or restrictive
Obstructive
COPD stages
All based on FEV1
St1: 80% or more
St2: 50-79%
St3: 49-30%
St4: less than 30
What is sarcoidosis characterised by?
Non caseating granulomatous inflammation.
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
What is silicosis caused by
Inhalation of silica particles e.g. sandblasting/ metal miner
What lung pathology can cause Horners and what is this?
Meiosis, ptosis, anhidrosis.
Caused by pan coast tumour
