Resp

Question 1

Diagnosis
Ghon complex

Answer 1

TB

Question 2

Which area of lungs does TB affect

Answer 2

Apex

Question 3

How to treat active TB

Answer 3

2 months of:
Rifampicine
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

4 months of:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid

Question 4

How to treat latent TB

Answer 4

3 months of rifampicin and isoniazid OR 6 months isoniazid

Question 5

How long to treat meningeal TB

Answer 5

Minimum of 12 months, also use steroids

Question 6

Rifampicin
What does it do
Side effects

Answer 6

Liver enzyme inducer
Orange secretions, hepatitis, flu like sx.

Question 7

Isoniazid
What does it do
Side effects

Answer 7

Inhibit HAN

liver enzyme inhibitor
Hepatitis
Agranulocytosis
Neuropathy (prevent with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Question 8

Pyrazinamide side effects

Answer 8

hyperuricaemia causing gout
arthralgia, myalgia
hepatitis

Question 9

Ethambutol side effects

Answer 9

optic neuritis: check visual acuity before and during treatment
dose needs adjusting in patients with renal impairment

Question 10

‘egg-shell’ calcification of the hilar nodes. Diagnosis

Answer 10

silicosis.

Question 11

Does asbestosis affect upper or lower lobes.

Answer 11

Lower fibrosis

Most others are upper,

Question 12

Common cause of pneumonia after influenza

Answer 12

Staph aureus

Question 13

Features of klebsiella pneumonia

Colour of sputum?
Demographic?
Complications?

Answer 13

Common in alcoholics and diabetics
Common after aspiration
Abscesses and empyema
Bowel flora
redcurrant jelly sputum

Question 14

Features of mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 14

Dry cough
Can get systemic complications: neuro involvement / pericarditis/ ITP/ anaemia/ hepatitis/ erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum

Mycardium and plasma (ish… ITP & anaemia).

Question 15

Bronchioloitis causative organism,

Answer 15

RSV

Question 16

Croup causative organism

Answer 16

Parainfluenza

Question 17

Most common cause of IECOPD

Answer 17

Haemophilus. Influenzae

Also Moraxella and s.pneumoniae but less common.

Question 18

Most common cause of pneumonia

Answer 18

Strep pneumoniae

Question 19

Difference between asbestosis and mesothelioma

Answer 19

Both caused by asbestos exposure.
Asbestosis = scarring
Mesothelioma = ca of the pleura

Asbestos can also cause pleural plaques - NOT pre-malignant

Question 20

what is mesothelioma

Answer 20

Malignant ca of pleura

Question 21

What is most common form of cancer associated with asbestos exposure

Answer 21

Lung ca (not mesothelioma).

Question 22

What is goodpastures?

Answer 22

When you get haemoptysis (pulmonary haemorrhages), anti-GMB and glomerulonephritis.

Question 23

What is Lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome associated with

Answer 23

Small cell lung ca

Question 24

Which lung ca is associated with hypercalcaemia

Answer 24

Squamous cell

Question 25

What values = Exudative effusion?

Answer 25

Pleural fluid:serum protein ratio >0.5
Pleural fluid: Serum LDH > 0.6
Pleural LDH>2/3 UNL of serum

Question 26

Which cancers does asbestos increase the risk of?

Answer 26

Lung: Mesothelioma, bronchogenic ca, mesothelioma

Gastric, colonic, renal adenocarcinoma

Gastric lymphoma

Question 27

Which cancer are people mot at risk of after asbestos exposure?

Answer 27

Lung ca - more so than mesothelioma (this is rare)

Question 28

Is alpha 1 antitrypsin obstructive or restrictive

Answer 28

Obstructive

Question 29

COPD stages

Answer 29

All based on FEV1
St1: 80% or more
St2: 50-79%
St3: 49-30%
St4: less than 30

Question 30

What is sarcoidosis characterised by?

Answer 30

Non caseating granulomatous inflammation.

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Question 31

What is silicosis caused by

Answer 31

Inhalation of silica particles e.g. sandblasting/ metal miner

Question 32

What lung pathology can cause Horners and what is this?

Answer 32

Meiosis, ptosis, anhidrosis.

Caused by pan coast tumour