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Revision > ophthal > Flashcards

ophthal Flashcards

1
Q

Acute painful red eye, fixed mid-dilated unreactive pupil, poor vision

A

Acute angle closure Glaucoma

Often starts in dark settings e.g. cinema, whilst eye is dilated.

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2
Q

Halos around eyes

A

Acute angle closure

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3
Q

What medication for acute angle glaucoma and why

A

CBT (traumatic)

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - Acetozolamide - reduces production of aq humour)

Brimonidine/Timolol - (reduces aq humour)

apraclonidine (if no MI).

Consider Pilocarpine - can paradoxically worsen pupil block
Iridotomy

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4
Q

Which presents with a dendritic ulcer?

How might it present

A

Herpes simplex keratitis.
This is a type of viral keratitis

Acuity may be decreased and it will be red and painful, maybe watery

Management= topical aciclovir

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5
Q

Infection that is common in contact lens wearers

A

Bacterial keratitis

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6
Q

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

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7
Q

How to differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis

A

Pain.

Epi insn’t massively painful but scleritis is.

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8
Q

What is scleritis acssociated with

A

Autoimmune conditions.

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9
Q

How is scleritis treated

A

Steroid eye drops

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10
Q

How to differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis

A

Put phenylephrine drops in eye. If this causes vessels to disappear then its episcleritis.

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11
Q

Halos around vision differentials?

A

Acute angle closure
Cataracts

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12
Q

Which part of the vision is mainly affected in macular degeneration

A

Can’t see central portion (central scotoma)

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13
Q

What are Amslers grids used to help diagnose

A

Macular degeneration

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14
Q

How to treat macular degeneration

A

Dry - not much that can be done
Wet - anti VEGF

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15
Q

Which part of vision is affected in glaucoma

A

Peripheral so get tunnel vision

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16
Q

Is CRA occlusion painful or painless
What are the other features

A

Painless
RAPD
cherry red spot
Pale disc.

17
Q

How to manage CRA occlusion

A

If due to GCA give steroids.

18
Q

When might you get central scotoma

A

Optic neuritis
Macular degeneration

19
Q

Triad for diagnosis of optic neuritis

A

visual loss, periocular pain, and dyschromatopsia (change in colour perception)

Also get RAPD

20
Q

Optic neuritis management

A

High dose steroids

21
Q

What is episcleritis associated with

A

RA
IBD

22
Q

scleritis and episclerits management

A

Scleritis - NSAIDs or oral steroids if bad
episcleritis - conservative

23
Q

Which conditions give you tunnel vision

A

Glaucoma
Retinitis pigmentosa

24
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa fundoscopy

A

black bone spicule-shaped pigmentation in the peripheral retina, mottling of the retinal pigment epithelium

25
Q

What is anterior uveitis associated with

A

HLAb27

26
Q

If you see a hypopion what might this be due to

A

Anterior uveitis

27
Q

What is the uvea made up of

A

iris and ciliary body

28
Q

Management of anterior uveitis

A

Alsocalled iritis.
urgent review by ophthalmology
cycloplegics (dilates the pupil which helps to relieve pain and photophobia) e.g. Atropine, cyclopentolate
steroid eye drops

29
Q

What is a Marcus gunn pupil?
what causes it?

A

When there’s a RAPD

Retinal detachment
Optic neuritis

30
Q

What is Holmes Adie pupil?

A

Sluggish response to light with direct but constricts normally with accommodation

31
Q

Argyll robertson pupil

A

A mnemonic used for the Argyll-Robertson Pupil (ARP) is Accommodation Reflex Present (ARP) but Pupillary Reflex Absent (PRA)

Features
small, irregular pupils
no response to light but there is a response to accommodate

Causes
diabetes mellitus
syphilis

32
Q

What is Mydriadis and what causes it?

A

Dilation
Anticholinergics. E.g. CAT
Cyclopentolate Atropine Tropicamide
Sympathomimetics e.g. adrenaline

33
Q

What is Meiosis
What agents

A

Constriction
Pilocarpine

34
Q

What is hypermetropia

A

Can’t see near

35
Q
A

Revision (29 decks)

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