ophthal Flashcards

1
Q

Acute painful red eye, fixed mid-dilated unreactive pupil, poor vision

A

Acute angle closure Glaucoma

Often starts in dark settings e.g. cinema, whilst eye is dilated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Halos around eyes

A

Acute angle closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What medication for acute angle glaucoma and why

A

CBT (traumatic)

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - Acetozolamide - reduces production of aq humour)

Brimonidine/Timolol - (reduces aq humour)

apraclonidine (if no MI).

Consider Pilocarpine - can paradoxically worsen pupil block
Iridotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which presents with a dendritic ulcer?

How might it present

A

Herpes simplex keratitis.
This is a type of viral keratitis

Acuity may be decreased and it will be red and painful, maybe watery

Management= topical aciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infection that is common in contact lens wearers

A

Bacterial keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis

A

Pain.

Epi insn’t massively painful but scleritis is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is scleritis acssociated with

A

Autoimmune conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is scleritis treated

A

Steroid eye drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis

A

Put phenylephrine drops in eye. If this causes vessels to disappear then its episcleritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Halos around vision differentials?

A

Acute angle closure
Cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which part of the vision is mainly affected in macular degeneration

A

Can’t see central portion (central scotoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Amslers grids used to help diagnose

A

Macular degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to treat macular degeneration

A

Dry - not much that can be done
Wet - anti VEGF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which part of vision is affected in glaucoma

A

Peripheral so get tunnel vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is CRA occlusion painful or painless
What are the other features

A

Painless
RAPD
cherry red spot
Pale disc.

17
Q

How to manage CRA occlusion

A

If due to GCA give steroids.

18
Q

When might you get central scotoma

A

Optic neuritis
Macular degeneration

19
Q

Triad for diagnosis of optic neuritis

A

visual loss, periocular pain, and dyschromatopsia (change in colour perception)

Also get RAPD

20
Q

Optic neuritis management

A

High dose steroids

21
Q

What is episcleritis associated with

22
Q

scleritis and episclerits management

A

Scleritis - NSAIDs or oral steroids if bad
episcleritis - conservative

23
Q

Which conditions give you tunnel vision

A

Glaucoma
Retinitis pigmentosa

24
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa fundoscopy

A

black bone spicule-shaped pigmentation in the peripheral retina, mottling of the retinal pigment epithelium

25
What is anterior uveitis associated with
HLAb27
26
If you see a hypopion what might this be due to
Anterior uveitis
27
What is the uvea made up of
iris and ciliary body
28
Management of anterior uveitis
Alsocalled iritis. urgent review by ophthalmology cycloplegics (dilates the pupil which helps to relieve pain and photophobia) e.g. Atropine, cyclopentolate steroid eye drops
29
What is a Marcus gunn pupil? what causes it?
When there's a RAPD Retinal detachment Optic neuritis
30
What is Holmes Adie pupil?
Sluggish response to light with direct but constricts normally with accommodation
31
Argyll robertson pupil
A mnemonic used for the Argyll-Robertson Pupil (ARP) is Accommodation Reflex Present (ARP) but Pupillary Reflex Absent (PRA) Features small, irregular pupils no response to light but there is a response to accommodate Causes diabetes mellitus syphilis
32
What is Mydriadis and what causes it?
Dilation Anticholinergics. E.g. CAT Cyclopentolate Atropine Tropicamide Sympathomimetics e.g. adrenaline
33
What is Meiosis What agents
Constriction Pilocarpine
34
What is hypermetropia
Can't see near
35