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Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures the border between the upper and lower respiratory tract?

A

The larynx (the larynx itself belongs to the upper respiratory tract)

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2
Q

What is the vertebral ad costal extent of the thoracic wall?

A

T-12

Ribs 1-12

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3
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclvicular joint?

A

Saddle

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4
Q

What name is given to the superior border of the sternal manubrium?

A

Jugular notch

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5
Q

What vertebral level can the xiphoid process be found at?

A

T9-T12

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6
Q

How many vertebrae does each rib articulate with?

A

2 (the same level and the one above. unless it is the first rib- that only articulates with one vertebrate!)

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7
Q

What part of the vertebrae articulates with the head of the rib?

A

Demi-facet

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8
Q

Which part of the vertebrae articulates with the rib tubercle?

A

Transverse process

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9
Q

What lies within the costal groove?

A

Intercostal vein, artery & nerve

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10
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?

A

1-7

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11
Q

Which ribs are false ribs?

A

8-10

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12
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs?

A

11-12

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13
Q

Which ribs are most commonly fractured?

A

Ribs 5-10

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14
Q

What are the borders of the thoracic inlet?

A

First ribs, manubrium of sternum, body of T1

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15
Q

What are the borders of the thoracic outlet?

A

costal cartilage of ribs 7-10 & xiphoid process

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16
Q

Which muscles to newborns use to breathe and why

A

Diaphragm and abdominal muscles due to the shape of the newborn ribcage

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17
Q

name the intercostal muscles from superficial to deep

A

External, inner, innermost

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18
Q

Between which two intercostal muscles can you find the intercostal vein, artery and nerve?

A

Between the inner and innermost

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19
Q

What is the vertebral level and dermatome of sternal angle?

A

Vertebral level = T4

Dermatome= T2

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20
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast

A

75% of the breast drains into ipsilateral anterior axillary lymph nodes
the lateral 25% of the breast is drained into internal thoracic nodes

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21
Q

What is the vertebral level of the left and right crus of the diaphragm?

A 
L= L1-2
R= L1-3
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22
Q

What are the bony attachments of the diaphragm?

A

L1-3 (R crus), L1-2 (L crus) posterior 7 ribs, posterior aspect of xiphoid process

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23
Q

name the nerves supplying the diaphragm

A

Phrenic & intercostal nerves t7-12

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24
Q

How many cartilage rings are found in the trachea?

A

16-20

25
Q

Name the muscle at the back of the trachea which joins the two ends of each cartilage ring

A

Trachealis

26
Q

What are the vertebral borders of the trachea (superior and inferior)?

A

C6-T4

27
Q

Name the structure found at the end of the trachea at T4

A

Carina

28
Q

Name the nerve found immediately lateral to the trachea

A

Vagus

29
Q

Which bronchi is more likely to house aspirated objects and why

A

R- it is shorter, wider and more vertical

30
Q

Histologically, what changes are seen when bronchus becomes bronchi?

A

Loss of cartilage rings and glands, more elastic and smooth muscle tissue

30
Q

Histologically, what changes are seen when bronchus becomes bronchi?

A

Loss of cartilage rings and glands, more elastic and smooth muscle tissue

31
Q

Name the 4 main surfaces of the lung/ pleural surfaces

A

cervical, mediastinal, costal and diaphragmatic

32
Q

name 4 features of the left lung

A

2 lobes
Oblique fissure only
lingua
cardiac notch

33
Q

Describe 2 distinct features of the right lung

A

3 lobes

Horizontal and oblique fissure

34
Q

Draw the left and right lung hila, describing the differences

A
35
Q

Name the membrane that covers the apex of the lung

A

Suprapleural membrane (Sibson’s Fascia)

36
Q

What is the function of Sibson’s fascia?

A

provides rigidity to the thoracic inlet and prevents distortion due changes in intrathoracic pressure during respiration.

37
Q

Name the lymph nodes that drain the lung

A

bronchopulmonary nodes found at the bifurcation of larger bronchi at the hilum

38
Q

name the two pleural recesses/reflections

A

Costophrenic/costodiaphragmatic
Costomediastinal

(shown in light blue on diagram)

39
Q

name the nerves that supply the pleura

A

Visceral - Pulmonary plexus

Parietal - Phrenic & Lower 6 intercostal N

40
Q

list the borders of the lung and parietal pleura at the madclavicular line, midaxillary line and mid scapular line

A
41
Q

Which ribs correspond to the cardiac notch?

A

Ribs 4-6

42
Q

Describe the layers of the respiratory tubes (histology) from the lumen to the outside

A
  1. Mucosa (respiratory epithelium and lamina propria)
  2. Submucosa
  3. Smooth Muscle and Cartilage
  4. Adventitia
43
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the respiratory tract?

A

Hyaline

44
Q

What tissue type predominates in the respiratory tract?

A

elastic

45
Q

What type of muscle is found in the respiratory tract?

A

Smooth

46
Q

What type of epithelia is found in the respiratory tract?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

47
Q

What type of glands are found in the respiratory tract?

A

Mucous producing goblet cells & serous glands

48
Q

Which layer of the respiratory tissue are glands found?

A

Submucosa

49
Q

name the cells that make up an alveolus

A

Type 1 acini- form the air/blood barrier
Type 2 acini- Produce surfactant
macrophages

50
Q

Name the muscles involved in forceful expiration

A

Diaphragm, abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

51
Q

name the muscles involved in inspiration when there is increased WOB

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles

52
Q

Name the embryological precursor of the respiratory system

A

Foregut (which develops from endoderm)

53
Q

Name the embryological precursor of the visceral pleura

A

Splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm

54
Q

Name the embryological precursor of the parietal pleura

A

Somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm

55
Q

Name the embryological precursor of the diaphragm

A

Mesoderm

56
Q

Name the embryological precursor of the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

Septum transversum

57
Q

Name the embryological precursor of the pleural cavity

A

Pleuropericardial fold of lateral plate somatic mesoderm

58
Q

Which vertebral level do the aorta, IVC & oesophagus pass through the diaphragm

A

T8 (most anterior) - Vena cava
T10- Oesophagus
T12 (most posterior)- Aortic hiatus

Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) (16 decks)

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