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Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two different types of cell fund in the nervous system

A

Neurons and glial cells

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2
Q

What type of neurones are motor neurones? (e.g. uni, bi psudouni or multi polar?)

A

Multipolar

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3
Q

What type of neuronals are sensory neurone? (e.g. uni, bi psudouni or multi polar?)

A

Pseudounipolar

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4
Q

Name the 5 different type of glial cells and their functions

A
  1. Astrocytes - K+ buffering and form BBB
  2. Microglia - Phagocytosis and scar tissue formation
  3. Ependymal cells - line ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
  4. Oligodendrocytes - produce myelin in CNS
  5. Schwann cells - produce myelin in PNS
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5
Q

Name the 3 components of the blood brain barrier

A
  1. Endothelial tight junction between capillary cells
  2. Thick basal lamina
  3. astrocyte foot processes
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6
Q

What type of substances are able to cross the blood brain barrier?

A

Lipophillic substances

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7
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Balance & coordination

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8
Q

Name the lobes of the cerebellum

A

Anterior, posterior (posterior lobe has the tonsil) & flucclonodular

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9
Q

What is the name given to the structure that splits the cerebellum into two halves?

A

The vermis

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10
Q

Name the three parts of the brainstem from superior-inferior

A

Midbrain (superior)
Pons (middle)
Medulla oblongata (inferior)

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11
Q

Name the ventricular space found within the midbrain

A

The cerebral aqueduct

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12
Q

name the structure which connects the midbrain to the cerebellum

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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13
Q

What type of fibres are contained within the cerebral peduncle (cerebrum to pons)?

A

Motor fibres

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14
Q

What do the cerebral peduncles connect?

A

Cerebrum to pons

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15
Q

What reflexes are the superior colliculi of the midbrain responsible for?

A

Visual

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16
Q

What reflexes are the inferior colliculi of the midbrain responsible for?

A

Auditory

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17
Q

What is the name of the ventricular space associated with pons?

A

The 4th ventricle is posterior to pons

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18
Q

The pyramids of the medulla oblongata are made of what type of fibres?

A

motor fibres

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19
Q

What structures does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

medulla-cerebellum

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20
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Recieves and processes general and special sensory input

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21
Q

What are the constituents of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus & pineal gland

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22
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

produces melatonin

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23
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Homeostasis!

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24
Q

What is the name of the membrane that separates the left and right hemisphere?

A

Falx cerebri

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25
What does the falx cerebri attach to?
Skull superiorly | Crista Galli inferiorly
26
What is the name of the membrane hat separates the cerebellar hemispheres?
Falx cerebelli
27
What is the name of the membrane that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
28
What is the name of the membrane which surround the pituitary stalk?
Diaphragma sellae
29
name the artery which sits on top of the dural mater
Middle meningeal artery
30
List the layers of the scalp - meninges
``` SCALP DAP! Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum Dural mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater ```
31
Describe the flow of CSF
1. Formed by choroid plexuses in ventricles 2. Flows from lateral ventricles through lefts and right foramen if munroe to the third ventricles 3. Flows from third ventricle, through aqueduct of sylvius to 4th ventricle 4. Flows out of 4th venricle through foramen of Lushka (lateral) & Foramen of Magendie (medial) into subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord 5. Reabsorbed into dural venous sinuses by arachnoid granulations
32
Which 5 main blood vessels combine to make the circle of willis and supply the brain
2x internal carotid arteries 2x vertebral arteries Anterior spinal artery
33
Which vessels combine to make the basilar artery?
Vertebral and spinal
34
Through which foramen do the carotid arteries enter the cranium
Carotid canal
35
What vessel do the vertebral arteries branch from and how do they enter the cranial cavity
branch from subclavian artery and enter through foramen magnum
36
Why is the circle of Willis a neuroprotective structure?
Circle of willis is protective aganst vaso-occulsion of large arteries
37
Describe the cerebral arterial supply
38
Identify the venous sinuses of the brain
39
identify the sinuses that lie within each arrowed groove
40
Which sinus runs within the falx cerebri?
Superior saggital sinus
41
Which sinus runs within margin of falx cerebelli?
Inferior saggital sinus
42
Name the sinus which sits on either side of the pituitary
Cavernous sinus
43
name the vein that drains all of the cranial sinuses
Internal jugular vein
44
Name all of the important sulci of the brain and describe where they are located
median longitudinal fissure (splits into left and right) Calcarine sulcus Central sulcus splits into pre & post central gyri Lateral sylvian sulcus (separates frontal and temporal lobes) - insula underneath
45
What type of fibres are found within the Corpus Callosum?
Commisural fibres (connect left and right hemispheres)
46
Name the type of fibres that connect areas within the same hemispheres
Association fibres
47
Name the type of fibres which link primary areas with association areas via the internal capsule
Projection fibres
48
State the role of each region of the cerebrum: | Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, Broca's area, Wernicke's area
``` Frontal = Motor function & intellect Parietal = Somatosensory Occipital = visual Temporal = Hearing & Smell Broca's = left frontal lobe (motor speech- will struggle to get the words out) Wernickes = left temporal lobe (will talk utter shite) ```
49
What is the function of the limbic system?
In control of memory & emotional aspects of behaviour
50
Name the components of the limbic system
``` CHAP- Cingulate Gyrus Hippocampus Amygdala Parahippocamal gyrus ```
51
What is the role of the internal capsule?
Is a conduit for sensory information coming up and motor information going down
52
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
regulaes initiation & termination of movement
53
Name the components of the basal ganglia
caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus (sbstantia nigra is also functionally part of basal ganglia)
54
What does the neural tube from from
Ectoderm
55
During which week of gestation does the neural tube form the vesicles?
Week 3
56
How many vesicles form from the neural tube
3 initially then 5
57
During which week of gestation does the neural tube close?
Week 4
58
what is the embryological origin of the ventricles?
Neural tube lumen
59
what is the embryological precursor of the midbrain
Mesencephalon
60
What is the embryological precursor of the PNS?
Neural crest cells
61
Which fossa of the skull floor do the brainstem and cerebellum lie in?
Posterior fossa
62
Which cranial nerve has the longest course?
Abducens
63
What is the collective term for the superior and inferior colliculi?
Tectum
64
What does the Pia mater become at it' most inferior point?
Filamen terminale
65
wha clinical condition is associated with the cavernous sinuses?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
66
name the parts of the corpus callosm
Rostrum, Genu, Trunk, splenium then the random detached bit is the fornix
67
Name the weird, papery bit of tissue that sits between the Corpus Callosum and hypothalamus
Septum pellucidum
68
What the of fibres are received by the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?
Sensory
69
What the of fibres are received by the ventral horn of the spinal cord?
Motor

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