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Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two different types of cell fund in the nervous system

A

Neurons and glial cells

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2
Q

What type of neurones are motor neurones? (e.g. uni, bi psudouni or multi polar?)

A

Multipolar

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3
Q

What type of neuronals are sensory neurone? (e.g. uni, bi psudouni or multi polar?)

A

Pseudounipolar

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4
Q

Name the 5 different type of glial cells and their functions

A
  1. Astrocytes - K+ buffering and form BBB
  2. Microglia - Phagocytosis and scar tissue formation
  3. Ependymal cells - line ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
  4. Oligodendrocytes - produce myelin in CNS
  5. Schwann cells - produce myelin in PNS
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5
Q

Name the 3 components of the blood brain barrier

A
  1. Endothelial tight junction between capillary cells
  2. Thick basal lamina
  3. astrocyte foot processes
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6
Q

What type of substances are able to cross the blood brain barrier?

A

Lipophillic substances

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7
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Balance & coordination

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8
Q

Name the lobes of the cerebellum

A

Anterior, posterior (posterior lobe has the tonsil) & flucclonodular

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9
Q

What is the name given to the structure that splits the cerebellum into two halves?

A

The vermis

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10
Q

Name the three parts of the brainstem from superior-inferior

A

Midbrain (superior)
Pons (middle)
Medulla oblongata (inferior)

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11
Q

Name the ventricular space found within the midbrain

A

The cerebral aqueduct

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12
Q

name the structure which connects the midbrain to the cerebellum

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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13
Q

What type of fibres are contained within the cerebral peduncle (cerebrum to pons)?

A

Motor fibres

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14
Q

What do the cerebral peduncles connect?

A

Cerebrum to pons

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15
Q

What reflexes are the superior colliculi of the midbrain responsible for?

A

Visual

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16
Q

What reflexes are the inferior colliculi of the midbrain responsible for?

A

Auditory

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17
Q

What is the name of the ventricular space associated with pons?

A

The 4th ventricle is posterior to pons

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18
Q

The pyramids of the medulla oblongata are made of what type of fibres?

A

motor fibres

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19
Q

What structures does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

medulla-cerebellum

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20
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Recieves and processes general and special sensory input

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21
Q

What are the constituents of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus & pineal gland

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22
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

produces melatonin

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23
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Homeostasis!

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24
Q

What is the name of the membrane that separates the left and right hemisphere?

A

Falx cerebri

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25
Q

What does the falx cerebri attach to?

A

Skull superiorly

Crista Galli inferiorly

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26
Q

What is the name of the membrane hat separates the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

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27
Q

What is the name of the membrane that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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28
Q

What is the name of the membrane which surround the pituitary stalk?

A

Diaphragma sellae

29
Q

name the artery which sits on top of the dural mater

A

Middle meningeal artery

30
Q

List the layers of the scalp - meninges

A 
SCALP DAP!
Skin 
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis 
Loose connective tissue 
Periosteum 
Dural mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
31
Q

Describe the flow of CSF

A
  1. Formed by choroid plexuses in ventricles
  2. Flows from lateral ventricles through lefts and right foramen if munroe to the third ventricles
  3. Flows from third ventricle, through aqueduct of sylvius to 4th ventricle
  4. Flows out of 4th venricle through foramen of Lushka (lateral) & Foramen of Magendie (medial) into subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord
  5. Reabsorbed into dural venous sinuses by arachnoid granulations
32
Q

Which 5 main blood vessels combine to make the circle of willis and supply the brain

A

2x internal carotid arteries
2x vertebral arteries
Anterior spinal artery

33
Q

Which vessels combine to make the basilar artery?

A

Vertebral and spinal

34
Q

Through which foramen do the carotid arteries enter the cranium

A

Carotid canal

35
Q

What vessel do the vertebral arteries branch from and how do they enter the cranial cavity

A

branch from subclavian artery and enter through foramen magnum

36
Q

Why is the circle of Willis a neuroprotective structure?

A

Circle of willis is protective aganst vaso-occulsion of large arteries

37
Q

Describe the cerebral arterial supply

A
38
Q

Identify the venous sinuses of the brain

A
39
Q

identify the sinuses that lie within each arrowed groove

A
40
Q

Which sinus runs within the falx cerebri?

A

Superior saggital sinus

41
Q

Which sinus runs within margin of falx cerebelli?

A

Inferior saggital sinus

42
Q

Name the sinus which sits on either side of the pituitary

A

Cavernous sinus

43
Q

name the vein that drains all of the cranial sinuses

A

Internal jugular vein

44
Q

Name all of the important sulci of the brain and describe where they are located

A

median longitudinal fissure (splits into left and right)
Calcarine sulcus
Central sulcus splits into pre & post central gyri
Lateral sylvian sulcus (separates frontal and temporal lobes) - insula underneath

45
Q

What type of fibres are found within the Corpus Callosum?

A

Commisural fibres (connect left and right hemispheres)

46
Q

Name the type of fibres that connect areas within the same hemispheres

A

Association fibres

47
Q

Name the type of fibres which link primary areas with association areas via the internal capsule

A

Projection fibres

48
Q

State the role of each region of the cerebrum:

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area

A 
Frontal = Motor function & intellect
Parietal = Somatosensory 
Occipital = visual 
Temporal = Hearing & Smell 
Broca's = left frontal lobe (motor speech- will struggle to get the words out)
Wernickes = left temporal lobe (will talk utter shite)
49
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

In control of memory & emotional aspects of behaviour

50
Q

Name the components of the limbic system

A 
CHAP-
Cingulate Gyrus 
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Parahippocamal gyrus
51
Q

What is the role of the internal capsule?

A

Is a conduit for sensory information coming up and motor information going down

52
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

regulaes initiation & termination of movement

53
Q

Name the components of the basal ganglia

A

caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus (sbstantia nigra is also functionally part of basal ganglia)

54
Q

What does the neural tube from from

A

Ectoderm

55
Q

During which week of gestation does the neural tube form the vesicles?

A

Week 3

56
Q

How many vesicles form from the neural tube

A

3 initially then 5

57
Q

During which week of gestation does the neural tube close?

A

Week 4

58
Q

what is the embryological origin of the ventricles?

A

Neural tube lumen

59
Q

what is the embryological precursor of the midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

60
Q

What is the embryological precursor of the PNS?

A

Neural crest cells

61
Q

Which fossa of the skull floor do the brainstem and cerebellum lie in?

A

Posterior fossa

62
Q

Which cranial nerve has the longest course?

A

Abducens

63
Q

What is the collective term for the superior and inferior colliculi?

A

Tectum

64
Q

What does the Pia mater become at it’ most inferior point?

A

Filamen terminale

65
Q

wha clinical condition is associated with the cavernous sinuses?

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

66
Q

name the parts of the corpus callosm

A

Rostrum, Genu, Trunk, splenium then the random detached bit is the fornix

67
Q

Name the weird, papery bit of tissue that sits between the Corpus Callosum and hypothalamus

A

Septum pellucidum

68
Q

What the of fibres are received by the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

A

Sensory

69
Q

What the of fibres are received by the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Motor

Full Anatomy Course (MbChB) (16 decks)

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