Cardio Flashcards
Which part of the mediastinum does the heart lie in?
Middle
Which part of the heart makes up the apex
Left ventricle
What lies between the visceral and parietal pericardium?
Fluid filled pericardial space
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic (C3,4,5)
Name 5 features of the RIGHT atrium
- Openings for IVC, SVC and coronary sinus
- Interatrial septum
- Fossa ovals (reminent of Foramen ovale)
- Musculi Pectinate
- Crista terminals
Which part of the heart houses the moderator band?
right ventricle
What is the function of the moderator band?
Prevents overdistension of the right ventricle
Where can trabecular carnae be found?
In the ventricular walls
What is the function of the trabecular carnae?
Prevent the walls of the ventricles from being suctioned together
Which chamber of the heart has completely smooth walls?
Left atrium
Which chamber of the heart forms the base (posterior border) of the heart?
Left atrium
What is the name of the muscle which contracts to pull open the heart valves/
Papillary muscle
Name the structure that connects the papillary muscle to the heart valve
Chordae tendinae
Name the valve that lies between the left atria and the left ventricle
The mitral (bicuspid) valve
Name the valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta
The aortic valve
Name the valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
name the valve that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary valve
Which heart valve has a different number of cusps compared to the rest?
Mitral valve only has 2 cusps- the rest all have 3
Name the three tissue layers in a blood vessel from outer layer to lumen
External/adventitia (connective tissue) Tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibres) Tunica intima (endothelial cells)
Name the tissue layers of the heart from superficial to deep
Fibrous pericardium (epicardium) Parietal serous pericardium (epicardium) Pericardial space Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium) Myocardium (heart muscle) Endocardium (simple squamous epithelium)
Which tissue/cell type are heart valves made from?
Endocardium
Give an example of where you might find a continuous capillary
In muscle tissue
Give an example of where you might find a fenestrated capillary
Renal corpuscle
Give an example of where you might find a discontinuous capillary
Liver sinusoid
From which week of gestation is the cardiovascular system functional?
Week 4
From which embryological structure does the heart from?
Midgut (which forms from mesoderm)
name the structure that allows blood to bypass the lungs by shunting blood from the left atrium to descending aorta in the foetus
Ductus arteriosus
What does the ductus arterteriosus become once the baby is born?
Ligamentum arteriosum
Name the structure which shunts blood between the left and right atrium. (bypasses lungs) in the fetus
Foramen ovale
What does foramen ovale become once the baby is born?
Fossa ovalis
name the structure which carried oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in foetal life
Ductus venosum
What does the ductus venosus become after birth?
Ligamentum venous
Name the structure that controls the intrinsic rhythmicity of the heart
Sinoatrial node
Name the nerves that control the extrinsic heart rate (not the pacemaker as set by SA node)
Vagus node - parasympathetic
Sympathetic nerves
name the 7 structures found in the superior mediastinum
- Aortic arch & it’s 3 branches
- L & R Brachiocephalic veins
- Superior vena cava
- Vagus nerve
- Phrenic nerve
- Trachea
- Oesophagus
Describe the innervation of the pericardium
visceral pericardium
- autonomic innervation from T1 –T4 & vagus via the cardiac plexus
parietal and fibrous layers
- phrenic nerve.
which nerve can be found embedded in the fibrous pericardium on the lateral side of the heart?
Phrenic
Name the Bessel supplying blood to the fibrous and parietal pericardium
Internal thoracic artery
Name the vessel supplying blood to the visceral pericardium
coronary arteries
Name the striations seen in the wall of the left atrium
Pectinate muscle
Which coronary artery runs in the atrioventricular groove?
The right coronary artery
Which coronary artery runs in the anterior interventricular groove?
left anterior interventricular artery
name the coronary arteries
Where do the coronary arteries come from?
They branch off the ascending aortic arch
name the coronary veins
Where do the coronary veins drain into?
into the coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium
